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In Pursuit of Total Exposure Health
Published in Kirk A. Phillips, Dirk P. Yamamoto, LeeAnn Racz, Total Exposure Health, 2020
Ever since its introduction in the late 1990s, metabolomics has increased in popularity and applicability. It has been widely adopted as a novel approach for biomarker discovery and, in tandem with genomics, has the potential for improving the understanding of underlying causes of pathology (Trivedi et al. 2017). However, in the clinical area, the science can no longer be described as novel, as indicated by the thousands of research articles on metabolomics that are available. In 2012, it was estimated that the National Institutes of Health (NIH) would invest approximately $14.3 million, and more than $51.4 million over 5 years, to accelerate the field of research (NIH 2012). Other government bodies have followed suit, supporting metabolomics activities on the international level, which further emphasizes the promise seen in metabolomics.
Breathomics and its Application for Disease Diagnosis: A Review of Analytical Techniques and Approaches
Published in Raquel Cumeras, Xavier Correig, Volatile organic compound analysis in biomedical diagnosis applications, 2018
David J. Beale, Oliver A. H. Jones, Avinash V. Karpe, Ding Y. Oh, Iain R. White, Konstantinos A. Kouremenos, Enzo A. Palombo
Through the application of breathomics-based techniques, it is envisaged that biomarkers will ultimately be identified in breath samples that are specific to a range of respiratory diseases and disorders, in addition to other systemic health conditions. Through such biomarker discovery and validation using traditional diagnostic methods, it is anticipated that a range of rapid diagnostic methods such as colorimetric assays and targeted metabolite breathalyzer technologies will be developed. Such biomarker discovery and assay/technologies can be used to develop rapid test kits for disease diagnoses that can be used in clinics to identify specific infections and diseases (such as malaria, PAH, cancer, etc.) and enable earlier medical intervention.
Sensing and Assessment of Brain Injury
Published in Mark A. Mentzer, Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, 2020
Proteomic and systems biology approaches to biomarker discovery reduce the candidate markers to a manageable size for further analysis. The ultimate objective is to then develop a point-of-care handheld diagnostic device for use on the field, in theater, or in the emergency room. This would allow immediate triage of athletes and soldiers.
The association between retinol-binding protein 4 and risk of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
Xiaomeng Tan, Han Zhang, Limin Liu, Zengli Yu, Xinxin Liu, Lingling Cui, Yao Chen, Huanhuan Zhang, Zhan Gao, Zijian Zhao
Diabetes is a systemic syndrome that can increase the risks of retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy, and reduce the quality of life, shorten people’s life expectancy, and bring huge economic pressure to both individuals and society (Cho et al. 2018). Now the prevalence of diabetes is growing at an alarming rate, and it has become a global public health issue. The International Diabetes Federation reported that approximately 463 million people worldwide suffered from diabetes in 2019, and about 1.9 million people died directly from diabetes (Saeedi et al. 2019). Also, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) will affect an estimated 700 million people in 2045 worldwide (Saeedi et al. 2020). The pathophysiological mechanism of diabetes is related to insulin deficiency and insulin resistance. Some in-depth studies have found that multiple adipokines play important roles in the pathogenesis of diabetes (Sun et al. 2010; Wang et al. 2020). A scientometric review reported that biomarker discovery on diabetic retinopathy (DR) has become a trend (Ramin et al. 2015).
Device profile of the percept PC deep brain stimulation system for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease and related disorders
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2021
The Activa™ PC+S was first tested in non-human primates to detect movement-related changes in cortex over physiologically relevant frequency bands with a detectable signal for 24 months, suggesting utility in the evaluation of neurostimulation effects in the long term [55]. When implanted in five non-human primates with experimentally-induced parkinsonism, the Activa™ PC+S demonstrated the ability to record dynamic changes in LFPs related to different clinical states, such as at rest, and during passive joint manipulation and reaching behavior, and concurrent to deep brain stimulation [56]. This device was developed as an investigational yet translational research platform to be used in order to enable the process of biomarker discovery and control algorithm development and protoyping, with the eventual goal of creating a fully developed closed loop neuromodulation system [54].
Understanding the complex microenvironment in oral cancer: the contribution of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago over the last 100 years
Published in Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 2020
Alison Mary Rich, Haizal Mohd Hussaini, Benedict Seo, Rosnah Bt Zain
By the early millennium, the expansion of genetic research applications has vastly changed the landscape of oral cancer research at Otago and molecular biomarker discovery projects using mRNA detection techniques commenced, example of such research is the detection of Candida albicans mRNA in oral pathology samples by Beggs in early 2000 (Beggs et al. 2004). While John Ferguson published a PhD thesis on experimental OSCC in the hamster cheek pouch (Ferguson 1985), it was not until 2013 that the first PhD thesis specifically on molecular biomarkers in OSCC TME was published at the University of Otago (Hussaini 2013).