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Applications of Marine Biochemical Pathways to Develop Bioactive and Functional Products
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Toni-Ann Benjamin, Imran Ahmad, Muhammad Bilal Sadiq
Bioactive compounds, or bioactive ingredients, are compounds that are present in foods, animals, or plants that influence the body once consumed (Fernandes et al., 2019). They are phytochemicals, which can be extracted from food or food by-products and are able to regulate metabolic functions leading to beneficial effects (Galanakis, 2017). Marine sources supply a vast array of bioactive molecules, such as collagen, peptides, polyunsaturated fatty acids, chitin, antioxidant compounds, and catalysts in biodiesel synthesis (Mutalipassi et al., 2021). Aquatic product processing industries produce huge amounts of marine waste through processing by-products that contain valuable bioactive compounds and proteins, which can be used to treat high-risk disorders and/or diseases (Grienke et al., 2014).
Carbohydrate-Based Agro-Industrial Waste
Published in Anil Kumar Anal, Parmjit S. Panesar, Valorization of Agro-Industrial Byproducts, 2023
The byproducts generated from the processing of fruits and vegetables are largely under-utilized and discarded as organic waste. These organic wastes that include seeds, peels, bracts, leaves, roots, bark, midribs, pulp, skin, and rinds are potential sources of bioactive compounds that have health benefits. These wastes are a potential source of many bioactive compounds (Pattnaik et al., 2021). Bioactive compounds are substances with biological activity that modulate metabolic processes when taken into the body and result in improved health conditions. The benefits of these compounds include antioxidant activity, inhibition or induction of enzymes, inhibition of receptor activities, and induction and inhibition of gene expression (Shirahigue and Ceccato-Antonini, 2020).
Novel Microbial Compounds as a Boon in Health Management
Published in Jyoti Ranjan Rout, Rout George Kerry, Abinash Dutta, Biotechnological Advances for Microbiology, Molecular Biology, and Nanotechnology, 2022
Shubha Rani Sharma, Rajani Sharma, Debasish Kar
Microbes are one of the most diverse and profuse species on earth and their exploitation to obtain different beneficial products have been found since time immemorial. Until the 1980s, the antioxidants from the microbes did not attract the attention of scientists in the medical area. The significance of antioxidants in the health improvement of human has gained a lot of importance in recent times. Actinobacteria can produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites which form a rich source of antibiotics and other pharmaceuticals. Streptomyces sp. also produces certain bioactive compounds, which can be exploited as potential pharmacological drugs. To date, a large number of microbial antioxidants have been characterized, as shown in Table 5.1. Surface-associated marine bacteria have proven to be an extensive resource of valuable secondary metabolites. It has been established that an epiphytic bacteria Bifurcaria bifurcate produces novel natural antioxidant compounds along with antimicrobials that act on the Gram-positive bacteria. Streptococcus thermophilus, a well-known probiotic bacteria, has been found to have a potent antioxidant activity (AOA), which protects the body from hazardous free radicals that are produced in the body as a result of stress, age factors, etc. Staphylococcus aureus produces a series of carotenoids that are well-known for their AOA as they sequester free radicals produced in the body.
Antioxidant potentialities and gastroprotective effect of Reichardia picroides extracts on Ethanol/HCl induced gastric ulcer rats
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
Samia Oueslati, Raja Serairi Beji, Feten Zar Kalai, Merieme Soufiani, Walid Zorrig, Salama Aissam, Kamel Msaada, Cherkaoui El Modafar
Through this work, it’s highlighted the richness of secondary metabolites in the roots and leaves of the edible plant R. picroides. These bioactive compounds could arouse interest towards in vitro and in vivo biological activities, such as antioxidant and gastroprotective effects. This study demonstrated that plant extracts exhibited an efficient antioxidant activity depending on solvent extraction. Besides, roots extract mitigated gastric ulcers induced by ethanol. Therefore, it is reasonable to believe that the gastroprotective effects of root extract may involve the suppression of oxidative stress with an inhibition of lipid peroxidation and an increase in SOD, GPX, and CAT activities. Obtained data prove the potent use of this “new vegetable” for gastric disorders, but the mechanisms involved in the antiulcer activity need to be explored in future studies.
Therapeutic potentials of endophytes for healthcare sustainability
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2021
Ayodeji O. Falade, Kayode E. Adewole, Temitope C. Ekundayo
Good health and well-being are among the 17 UN SDGs, intended to be achieved by 2030 [9]. However, several people are currently battling with one disease or the other, with little or no effective treatment. In cases where prescribed drugs are efficient, long-term usage of such medications is characterized by serious side effects [10,11] while diseases with no cure are only being managed throughout life. More so, several lives have been lost to different diseases including cancer, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, neurodegenerative diseases, HIV/AIDS and most recently, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [12,13]. Undoubtedly, natural bioactive compounds with therapeutic properties are promising candidates for drug development [2] toward treatment and effective management of these diseases. Endophytes have, indeed, shown auspicious potentials for production of metabolites with remarkable therapeutic aptitudes including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and antiviral [11,14–19]. These can, therefore, be harnessed by pharmaceutical industries for development of medications, which is pivotal to ensuring good health and well-being in the society. Therefore, this paper gives an overview of the therapeutic potentials of endophytes with a view to revealing the emerging and prospective areas of endophytes applications capable of promoting healthcare sustainability, which is a major component of the UN SDGs, designed to achieve an improved and more sustainable future for all by 2030 [].
Simultaneous optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of flavonoid compounds and antiradical activity from Artemisia herba-Alba using response surface methodology
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2020
Nadia Sendi, Khaoula Mkadmini-Hammi, Rim Ben Mansour, Sawsen Selmi, Najla Trabelsi, Hiroko Isoda, Riadh Ksouri, Wided Megdiche-Ksouri
Exploration and use of natural bioactive compounds have gained considerable interest in recent time. The reason for this great attention is the restricted use of synthetic antioxidants such as BHA and BHT in foods and cosmetic industries because the possible risk to development health problem.[1] Flavonoids are an ubiquitous group of phenolic compounds present naturally in all part of the plant in sufficient amounts with wide range of beneficial properties.[2] These biological benefits are mainly to be due to their antioxidant, antiradical and their reducing/chelating capacities to protect cellular membranes and lipoproteins against oxidative reactions. It was be reported that dietary consumption of vegetables and fruits rich in flavonoids has proven to increase the antioxidant capacity of serum/plasma and has been negatively associated with many chronic diseases such as cardiovascular injury, atherosclerosis, diabetes, cancer etc.[1,3,4] The important flavonoid properties and functions were connected with their structural features. Depending on degree of unsaturation and oxidation of the central pyran ring (C-ring), these compounds are usually subdivided into flavones, flavonols, flavanones, flavanols, anthocyanins, and isoflavones.[5] The C- ring can be opened (chalcones) and recyclized into a furan ring (aurones).[6]