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Plant Product-Based Nanomedicine for Malignancies: Types and Therapeutic Effects
Published in Khalid Rehman Hakeem, Majid Kamli, Jamal S. M. Sabir, Hesham F. Alharby, Diverse Applications of Nanotechnology in the Biological Sciences, 2022
Zuha Imtiyaz, Tabish Mehraj, Andleeb Khan, Mir Tahir Maqbool, Rukhsana Akhter, Mufeed Imtiyaz, Wajhul Qamar, Azher Arafah, Muneeb U. Rehman
Most of the phytochemicals are being consumed as plant foods, including vegetables, fruits, spices, and beverages. The prevalence of phytochemicals in food makes them easily available with least apparent toxicity attributed to their role in influencing human health and has beneficial impact on several diseases. In view of their potential health benefits, numerous studies are being conducted to determine the critical factors affecting their bioavail-ability. As far as phytochemical bioavailability is concerned, phytochemicals could be grouped into lipid-soluble (carotenoids, tocochromanols, curcuminoids) and water-soluble (polyphenols and phenolics). The main factors that influence bioavailability of phytochemicals include (1) biological aspects such as ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) and (2) identification of food factors such as micro- and macro-composition, physical form, and phytochemical concentration (Manach et al., 2004). Poor absorption and rapid metabolism and excretion are the most challenging issues faced by researchers while implementing the use of phytochemicals against various diseases like cancer, diabetes, etc. It has been observed that nanocarrier drug-delivery systems are beneficial for increasing the bioavail-ability of phytochemicals. For example, it has been reported that encapsulation of anthocyanins in nanocarriers improves their anti-oxidant potential by increasing their scavenging of the free radicals. In this, anthocyanins were entrapped with 60% efficacy in nanocarrier based on polylactide-coglycolide (Amin et al., 2017).
Polyphenol Nanoformulations for Cancer Therapy: Role of Milk Components
Published in Lohith Kumar Dasarahally-Huligowda, Megh R. Goyal, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Nanotechnology Applications in Dairy Science, 2019
The nanomedicines currently approved for clinical use for cancer treatment are Myocet™, DaunoXome™, Depocyt™, Abraxane™, GenexolPM™, and Onivyde™. Significant anti-cancer studies established pre-clinically for many novel nanomedicines have yet to be recapitulated clinically, which delays the marketed nanomedicines.55 Therapeutic effects of natural phytochemicals specifically polyphenols against cancer, microbial infection, inflammation, and other disease conditions have been reported earlier. Nevertheless, their success in clinical trials has been less impressive, partly due to their low bioavailability. The use of nanoparticles for polyphenol delivery is a major advance that would enhance their therapeutic effects.138 Recent advances have shown that these techniques have significantly increased the bioavailability of the compounds both in vitro and in vivo, thus, have improved its anticarcinogenic effects during various stages of carcinogenesis (Fig. 6.4).
Terpenoids Against Cardiovascular Diseases
Published in Dijendra Nath Roy, Terpenoids Against Human Diseases, 2019
Phytocompounds from medicinal plants have therapeutic effects in CVDs, hypertension, atherosclerosis and stroke and other conditions (Table 9.1). Phytochemicals are present in fruits and vegetables, which further advocates the consumption of such products. Moreover, the economic and human costs of the current CVD epidemic are unacceptable, especially given that the majority of cases are related to lifestyle and dietary choices. Achieving the United Nations’ target of a 25% global reduction in deaths due to CVDs by 2025 is a daunting goal. It is our view that success will only be achieved through greater knowledge of the genetic, dietary and environmental causes of CVDs and dramatic improvement in global public health education as well as the development of novel, low-cost therapies based on bioactive compounds from natural sources. More mechanistic studies—as well as controlled clinical intervention trials involving healthy subjects, subjects at high risk for heart disease and patients and others with chronic diseases—are needed to fully understand the health-promoting effects of terpenoids and establish clear dietary guidelines.
Green synthesis of ionic liquid mediated neodymium oxide nanoparticles via Couroupita guianensis abul leaves extract with its biological applications
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2022
Veerasingam Muthulakshmi, Chinnalagu Dhilip Kumar, Mahalingam Sundrarajan
Couroupita guianensis (C. guianensis) abul leaves reveal the presence of alkaloids, rutin, flavonoids, quercetin, phenolic substance, glycosides, indurubin, couroupitine, lutotin, isatin and triterpenes. The phytochemicals have antioxidant, antibacterial, antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, anticancer and wound healing properties. The leaves of C. guianensis abul are used as medicine for skin diseases, malaria [20], throat infection, stomach ache, vasodilatory action, protozoal infection, antithrombotic, tumors, pain and inflammatory process, and as a chemotherapeutic agent to kill cancer cells. Finally, the prepared Nd2O3 NPs were studied for their biomedical properties such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic and anticancer activities.
Green one-step synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their biosafety and antibacterial properties
Published in Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 2022
Xueling Cao, Lin Zhu, Yageng Bai, Fei Li, Xiaoyang Yu
To comply with the general principles of green chemistry, significant effort has recently been devoted to the synthesis of metal NPs using plants extracts as reducing agents (1–3). These methods are eco-friendly and cost-effective ways to prepare metal nanocomposites with antibacterial activity. Plants contain a variety of phytochemicals, including soluble carbohydrates, phenolic acids, alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids(4,5). These phytochemicals can be used as reducing agents and stabilizers to prepare metal NPs, including Ag NPs, which can be used as antibacterial agents(6). Lignin is among the most abundant renewable natural resources in the world. It has received much research attention because of its good biodegradability (7). Lignin contains a large number of active hydroxyl, aldehyde, and other reducing groups and has a special 3D structure (8,9). Therefore, lignin can be used as a green capping agent and dispersant of metal NPs (10,11). Such utilization of lignin significantly improves its application value. In addition, lignin is conducive to environmental protection and the utilization of biological resources. Thus, its use has a positive theoretical and practical significance.
Obtainment of an enriched fraction of Inga edulis: identification using UPLC-DAD-MS/MS and photochemopreventive screening
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2020
Georgia de Assis Dias Alves, Daniele Fernandes da Silva, Thainá Venteu Teixeira, Rebeca Oliveira de Souza, Hervé Rogez, Maria José Vieira Fonseca
The concept of photochemoprevention has been introduced to overcome the detrimental effects caused by UV radiation. It involves the use of various photochemopreventive agents that prevent the damage caused by UV radiation and/or modulate different cellular responses to UV radiation to prevent, stop or reverse tumor promotion and progression.[8] Photochemoprevention is an emerging interest in the use of naturally occurring antioxidants for their therapeutic uses. The oxidative stress is believed to significantly contribute to the development of several diseases, particularly age-related diseases. Therefore, phytochemicals are considered to be potential therapeutic agents against a wide range of ailments including cancer, inflammatory diseases, and photoaging.[5,6]