China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Challenges of Multi-omics in Improving Microbial-assisted Phytoremediation
Published in Vivek Kumar, Rhizomicrobiome Dynamics in Bioremediation, 2021
Culture-dependent screening of remediation efficient bacteria permits the isolation of interesting strains, with the ability to transform or degrade pollutants from an environment. An example is represented by the isolation and characterization of rhizospheric bacteria to enhance growth and metal accumulation by the chromium hyperaccumulator, Vetiveria zizanoides. The inoculation with Bacillus cereus T1B3 strain improved the phytoremediation efficiency of heavy metals (Nayak et al. 2018). Pseudomonas sp. Ps29C and Bacillus megaterium Bm4C, isolated from serpentine soil, showed their ability to protect plants against the growth-inhibitory effects of nickel; thus, their inoculation in nickel contaminated soil is described as a novel method to improve phytoremediation of this element (Rajkumar and Freitas 2008). The sequencing of the entire genome of cultivated isolates can reveal unknown genes or transformation pathways (Bell et al. 2014b). Taghavi et al. provided a genome survey of endophytic bacteria improving the biomass of Populus and identified putative mechanisms affecting growth and development of host plants (Taghavi et al. 2009). Similarly, the genome of Pantoea ananatis GB1, isolated from the roots of poplars in a diesel contaminated soil, provided information about the ability of the bacteria to enhance plant growth such as the presence of genes encoding proteins for inorganic phosphorus solubilization, nitrogen fixation, and siderophore production, as well as genes for alkanes utilization (Gkorezis et al. 2016).
Downstream Processing of Heavier Petroleum Fractions
Published in Prasenjit Mondal, Ajay K. Dalai, Sustainable Utilization of Natural Resources, 2017
Shubham Saroha, Prasenjit Mondal, Deepak Tandon
Bacillus cereus has been used for the remediation of petroleum-polluted soils (Gupta and Gera 2015). Several integral parameters including the conditions for microbial degradation activity (e.g., presence of nutrients, oxygen, pH, and temperature); the quality, quantity, and bioavailability of the contaminants (e.g., particle size distribution); and the soil characteristics have been found to affect the rate of microbial degradation of hydrocarbons in soils (Gupta and Gera 2015). Therefore, the bacteria with high physicochemical endurance and degradation ability could be a proper choice not only in bioremediation but also in degradation of PAHs to smaller molecules. These PAHs are present in many heavy petroleum fractions. Thus, further development in this area may produce new biological routes for the upgradation of heavy residues in future. However, an extensive research and development is required in this field.
Pathogenic microorganisms related to human visits in Altamira Cave, Spain
Published in Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez, The Conservation of Subterranean Cultural Heritage, 2014
V. Jurado, L. Laiz, S. Sanchez-Moral, C. Saiz-Jimenez
Bacillus cereus gastroenteritis is an important food-borne disease worldwide. A diarrheal syndrome results from protein enterotoxins produced in the small intestine. Bacillus cereus is found naturally in decaying organic matter, soil, water, plants, dusts, and the intestinal tract of invertebrates (Bottone 2010). In addition, B. cereus was commonly found in most caves studied, Altamira Cave included, and is associated with the air and water (Laiz et al. 1999, Garcia-Anton et al. 2014) as well as with wall samples (Sanchez-Moral et al. 2009). This bacterium produces respiratory tract infections, endophthalmitis, central nervous system infections, gas gangrene-like infections, and cutaneous infections due to trauma (Bottone 2010).
Synthesis of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) by Bacillus cereus using grape residues as sole carbon source
Published in International Journal of Biobased Plastics, 2021
R. Andler, V. Pino, F. Moya, E. Soto, C. Valdés, C. Andreeßen
One of the microorganisms with a great potential to synthesize bioproducts from various organic sources is Bacillus cereus. The Gram-positive bacterium is capable of producing biopolymers such as polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) [12–14], a polyester belonging to the family of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). This biopolymer is stored inside the microorganism’s cytoplasm in form of granules under specified culture conditions, which are characterized by a non-carbonated nutrient limitation and an excess of the carbon source. PHB is a linear molecule and insoluble in water. It is derived from alkanoic acids (specifically hydroxybutanoic acid) and contains a hydroxyl group that is added to a carbonyl group [15]. Its molecular weight ranges from 2 × 105 to 3 × 106 Da. However, composition and weight depend on the microorganism and the carbon source used during cultivation [16]. Due to its competitive advantage over petroleum-based materials, being a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer, PHB has been used for manufacturing plastics with applications in different fields such as biomedicine, pharmacy and packaging [17–21]. Some properties of PHB like its high thermoplasticity (melting point at 180°C) and its efficiency against moisture, make this biopolymer especially suitable for food packaging applications [22].
Macrophyte and indigenous bacterial co-remediation process for pentachlorophenol removal from wastewater
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2022
Rim Werheni Ammeri, Wafa Hassen, Yassine Hidri, Giuseppe Di Rauso Simeone, Abdennaceur Hassen
A significant capacity of the microbial wastewater community to remove PCP can be explained by its habit of coexisting with this type of pollutants in wastewater discharges. This result was in accordance with Quinn et al. (2011) in which Bacillus cereus BcAOA isolated from wastewater in the presence of chlorophenol and other organochlorine pesticides in South African environment, was closely related to isolates that have been used in the bioremediation of various environmental pollutants. Also in accordance with Aregbesola et al. (2020) demonstrated that a possible application of Bacillus cereus strain AOA-CPS1 in various remediation processes for bulk bioremediation of wastewater contaminated by PCP and its congeners. On the contrary, Croitoru and Patachia (2014) improve that many indigenous microorganisms cannot utilize PCP as their sole carbon source because of its high toxicity and inhibitory effects. Moreover, the study of Bhattacharya et al. (2016) in capacity of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in wastewter traetment showed greater removal of PCP about 97%. In this study we looked at four types of wastewater from different stages of treatment in a wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to properly control the level that has the greatest potential in the bioaugmentation of PCP. WWTPs utilize a series of processes, primary, secondary and tertiary treatments where most organic matter, nutrients and other pollutants are removed and these are generally realized via biological methods (Wells et al.2009). Thus, bacterial community composition diversity and dynamics which are formed by both operating conditions and influent characteristics are the major factors that determine the performance of a wide range of biological treatments (Ibarbalz et al.2013). Many studies have analyzed the responses of the key microorganisms for wastewater treatment under different WWTPs operation practices (Saunders et al.2015). In previous studies, several WWTPs processing influents with different characteristics and using different operating parameters varied significantly in their bacterial community structures (Kim et al.2019).