China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
1
Published in Marilyn Sue Bogner, Human Error in Medicine, 2018
Anesthesia is initially induced with an intravenous induction agent that acts very rapidly and places the patient in a relatively deep level of anesthesia. However, these drugs typically have a very short duration of action (5-10 min or less) so that anesthesia must be maintained using one or more other drugs. A variety of drugs and techniques can be used to maintain anesthesia. When anesthesia is induced, the patient will need respiratory support. Even if the patient can breathe spontaneously, special tools and techniques may be needed to keep the airway open. For the majority of cases, it is advantageous to provide a direct route of gases into the lungs, so an endotracheal tube is placed through the mouth (or occasionally the nose) into the windpipe (trachea) and connected to the anesthesia system. A cuff on the tube provides an airtight seal. To place the tube usually requires that the patient’s muscles be paralyzed (at least for a short time) with a drug like Curare. Placing the endotracheal tube is usually easy, but in some patients due to their anatomy, it is very difficult or even impossible using standard techniques. Most cases involve artificial ventilation by using a breathing bag or ventilator.
Evaluation of gastric emptying in critically ill patients using electrical impedance method: a pilot study
Published in Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, 2022
Ariful Basher, Mohammad Moniruzzaman, Md. Maruful Islam, Md. Mahbubur Rashid, Iqbal Hossain Chowdhury, Akhtaruzzaman AKM, Khondkar Siddique-e Rabbani
The raw graphs had unrelated signals of higher frequencies as shown in Figure 3. These could be related to the breathing rate of the patients, who were on artificial ventilation and constituted a ‘noise’ or unwanted signals for this study. These were filtered out to obtain the smooth curves shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 applying moving point averaging technique in the software.