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Biological Engineering Solutions
Published in Arthur T. Johnson, Biology for Engineers, 2019
An artificial lung has been developed based upon principles of gas exchange with the blood exhibited in a natural lung (Thieme, 2001b). A balloon wrapped with hollow fibers is implanted in the vena cava by means of a catheter inserted in the leg (Figure 8.2.7). The balloon inflates and deflates as many as 300 times a minute. This causes blood to pump back and forth over the fibers, allowing oxygen to enter the blood and carbon dioxide to be removed.
Review on age-specific exposure to organophosphate esters: Multiple exposure pathways and microenvironments
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2023
Jia-Yong Lao, Yuefei Ruan, Kenneth M. Y. Leung, Eddy Y. Zeng, Paul K. S. Lam
Future studies should consider two factors in assessing inhalation bioaccessibility. The first factor is the components and particle sizes of aerosols, because aerosols are usually source-specific and their components (e.g. TOC and metal ions) may affect the kinetics of OPEs in bioaccessibility assays. More importantly, particle sizes investigated should cover the majority of aerosols deposited in the respiratory tract (Kastury et al., 2017; Zeng et al., 2019). The second factor is the compositions and pH of artificial lung fluids. Since Gamble’s solution and artificial lysosomal fluid have different pH values, OPEs could somewhat be degraded in artificial lung fluids (Zeng et al., 2019). The stability of OPEs in artificial fluids should be considered, particularly hydrolysis of OPEs triggered by pH. Aryl OPEs are known to degrade rapidly in artificial lung fluids and also are more readily subject to hydrolysis with increasing alkaline pH, as compared to other OPEs (Su et al., 2016; Zeng et al., 2019). Clearly, hydrolysis of OPEs at different pH values combined with solution types needs to be clarified, and artificial lung fluids should be optimized to truly reflect the inhalation bioaccessibility of OPEs in human lungs.
“The Action Level”®
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2019
Which one of the investigated metals seemed to be the most bio-accessible (most soluble in an artificial lung lining fluid) of the workplace aerosols in this study? MolybdenumManganeseChromiumCopperLeadThe possible health effects of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) compounds are quite different, therefore suggesting investigations covering multiple scenarios. True or False?
Research progress of portable extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Yuansen Chen, Duo Li, Ziquan Liu, Yanqing Liu, Haojun Fan, Shike Hou
Pumpless extracorporeal lung-assist (pECLA) was introduced in 1967 by Rashkind et al [32], and is an artificial lung placed between an arterial and venous pipeline. It can significantly increase the partial pressure of oxygen and reduce the partial pressure of carbon dioxide and can be used for a long time in the clinic. The development of a new hollow fiber membrane that reduces the transmembrane pressure of the oxygenator ensured the availability of the pECLA technique [33]. pECLA operates without pump assistance and is driven by the arteriovenous pressure difference in the loop. A prerequisite for the applicability of this device is that the patient has normal cardiac function.