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Intraoperative Infrared Optical Imaging in Neurosurgery
Published in Yu Chen, Babak Kateb, Neurophotonics and Brain Mapping, 2017
Michael E. Wolf, Richard P. Menger, Osama Ahmed, Shahdad Sherkat, Babak Kateb
Arginylglycylaspartic acid (RGD) is a tripeptide composed of l-arginine, glycine, and l-aspartic acid that exhibits specific adhesion to αvβ3 integrins. These αvβ3 integrins are overexpressed in many tumor cell lines thus the use of RGD ligands may increase the internalization of fluorophores into tumor cells (Ye and Chen 2011). RGD and its associated conjugates are diminutive in size, giving them easier access to tumor tissues. These compounds also pose minimal risk of immune response, and their synthesis is inexpensive and simple (Wang et al. 2013). RGD may be decorated with imaging moieties while maintaining biological interaction with specific receptors.
Crosslinking hyaluronic acid soft-tissue fillers: current status and perspectives from an industrial point of view
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2021
Jimmy Faivre, Amos I. Pigweh, Julien Iehl, Pauline Maffert, Peter Goekjian, François Bourdon
For example, oxidative cleavage of the glucuronic acid ring with periodate reveals two aldehyde groups, and Schiff-base formation was successfully used to fabricate HA gel networks using adipic dihydrazide (Table 2) [77]. Another possibility is to covalently derivatize the HA chains with functionalities that react under mild conditions with various crosslinkers. Amines, phenols, maleimides, alkenes, dienes, and strained alkynes have been covalently bound to HA, and these functionalities have been crosslinked by specific enzymatic, traditional, and click-chemistry reactions (Figure 2(b)). Moreover, the crosslinking step can be utilized to incorporate covalently attached functional molecules such as peptides in the gel structure, thereby bringing new functionalities to the implant such as cell adhesion through RGD (Arginylglycylaspartic acid) peptide [78].