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Nanocarriers as an Emerging Platform for Cancer Therapy
Published in Lajos P. Balogh, Nano-Enabled Medical Applications, 2020
Dan Peer, Jeffrey M. Karp, Seungpyo Hong, Omid C. Farokhzad, Rimona Margalit, Robert Langer
To date, at least 12 polymer–drug conjugates have entered Phase I and II clinical trials (Table 2.2 and Fig. 2.3a) and are especially useful for targeting blood vessels in tumours. Examples include anti-endothelial immunoconjugates, fusion proteins [57–59], and caplostatin, the first polymer-angiogenesis inhibitor conjugates [60]. Polymers that are chemically conjugated with drugs are often considered new chemical entities (NCEs) owing to a distinct pharmacokinetic profile from that of the parent drug. Despite the variety of novel drug targets and sophisticated chemistries available, only four drugs (doxorubicin, camptothecin, paclitaxel, and platinate) and four polymers (N-(2-hydroxylpropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer, poly-L-glutamic acid, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and Dextran) have been repeatedly used to develop polymer–drug conjugates [3, 61].
Prediction of Chemotherapy Outcome in Patients
Published in Vittorio Cristini, Eugene J. Koay, Zhihui Wang, An Introduction to Physical Oncology, 2017
Vittorio Cristini, Eugene J. Koay, Zhihui Wang
This study demonstrated the importance of understanding a tumor’s microenvironment before treatment. BVF, the parameter that most affected the overall amount of tumor killed, could prove to be a key therapeutic target, to be optimized in order to enable drug resistance to be overcome. Currently, angiogenesis inhibitors are often used to prevent the tumor from forming new blood vessels (and thus prevent metastasis through the new vessels). Inhibiting vascularization lowers the BVF, possibly contributing to drug resistance due to lowered drug delivery. Instead, BVF could be increased during treatment, which would, according to the model, significantly increase the amount of tumor killed.
Imaging Angiogenesis
Published in George C. Kagadis, Nancy L. Ford, Dimitrios N. Karnabatidis, George K. Loudos, Handbook of Small Animal Imaging, 2018
The first angiogenic inhibitors were discovered by the Folkman group in 1980s, and by the mid-1990s, new drugs with antiangiogenic activity entered clinical trials (Folkman 2007). These trials proved the angiogenesis inhibitors to be highly effective in downregulation of blood vessel growth and, as a result, by April 2007 about 10 drugs with antiangiogenic activity have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States for the treatment of cancer and age-related macular degeneration, whereas other currently FDA-approved drugs revealed antiangiogenic activity in addition to their activity directed against cancer.
Curcumin-loaded porous scaffold: an anti-angiogenic approach to inhibit endochondral ossification
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2023
Curcumin (Cur) is a natural phenolic compound isolated from Curcuma longa L [14]. Numerous studies have demonstrated that Cur possesses a wide range of beneficial physiological activities, such as protecting normal cells and inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells [15]. Many investigations have also revealed that Cur exhibits angiogenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties [16, 17]; for example, it significantly suppressed angiogenesis in tumor-bearing mice with cancer model tumors by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor and its corresponding receptor, suggesting that Cur acts as a specific angiogenesis inhibitor. Recognizing that the ectopic endochondral ossification of BMSC-generated cartilage in the subcutaneous environment is primarily related to vascularization, and considering the vascularization inhibiting properties of Cur, this study employed Cur as a vascular inhibitory drug to regulate the heterotopic endochondral ossification of in vitro BMSC-generated cartilage in the subcutaneous environment.
Curcumin-loaded nanofilm generating avascular niche to stabilize in vivo ectopic chondrogenesis of BMSC
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2023
Renzhong Cai, Yu Zhang, Jun Li, Xu Wu
Cur is a naturally occurring substance that was accepted as safe by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) [23]. Many researchers have highlighted Cur’s anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, wound healing, and antibacterial properties [24]. However, very few studies have investigated its anti-angiogenic activity. Cur is known to be a direct angiogenesis inhibitor via the mechanism of preventing the growth of endothelial cells and can downregulate a number of pro-angiogenesis factors [25]. Other researchers have stated that the anticancer activity of Cur was partially mediated by blocking angiogenesis [26]. Additionally, research revealed that Cur might inhibit basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), which was a necessary prerequisite for initiating the angiogenesis process, and bFGF-induced angiogenesis in vivo [27]. Cur also inhibits angiogenesis by mediating the activity of matrix metalloproteinases [28]. Additionally, Cur reduces cyclooxygenase-2 expression in microvascular endothelial cells, which inhibits angiogenesis [29]. In this study, the data demonstrated that the Cur/PCL nanofilms inhibit angiogenesis via the downregulation of VEGF expression.