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Introduction to Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering
Published in Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez, Current Advances in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering, 2020
María Verónica Cuevas González, Eduardo Villarreal-Ramírez, Adriana Pérez-Soria, Pedro Alberto López Reynoso, Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez
Root Cementum (RC) is a mineralized tissue that surrounds the superficial root of the tooth; their function is to support the tooth through the PDL and alveolar bone (Yamamoto et al. 2016). Alveolar Bone (AB) is another mineralized tissue and is associated with the formation of membranous bone of both mandibular and maxillary tissues during the development of the first dentition, two components form this kind of bone, the first belong to the alveolar process, which in turn is composed by the cortical and cancellous bone tissue, the last one stores Haversian systems required for maintenance and remodeling of the bone; the second component is the alveolar bone itself which corresponds to the bone portion that covers the dental surface and serves as a union site to the Sharpey fibers from PDL (Chu et al. 2014). Periodontal ligament (PDL) is formed by collagen fibers which could be classified according to their localization of the fibers onto the alveolar crest, oblique, transseptal, horizontal, inter-radicular or apical (Maheaswari et al. 2015). The union of these fibers to the soft tissue provides a natural coupling of the roots of the tooth in the alveolus: the union of the PDL to the RC or the AB facilitates the transfer of loads of the teeth towards the bone, because the bone-cement/PDL-binding sites contain areas between 10–15 μm rich in biochemical gradients, which are known as enthesis sites that facilitate cell-cell interactions and communications (Lee et al. 2015).
Additive manufacturing in the craniofacial area
Published in Ali Khademhosseini, Gulden Camci-Unal, 3D Bioprinting in Regenerative Engineering, 2018
Cedryck Vaquette, Kelly McGowan, Saso Ivanovski
The alveolar process (or ridge) forms in the mandible and maxilla with the development and eruption of teeth. It is comprised of both supporting alveolar bone and alveolar bone proper (ABP), where ABP lines the socket and forms the attachment apparatus of the teeth in combination with the gingiva, periodontal ligament, and root cementum [1]. Loss of alveolar height and width occurs as a result of tooth loss, periodontal disease, infection, inflammation, trauma, and surgical resection of pathology [2]. The resulting dimensional changes [3–5] can present clinical challenges when attempting to restore the edentulous space with an implant-retained prosthesis.
Comparison of clinical efficacy of three different dentin matrix biomaterials obtained from different devices
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Robert Dłucik, Bogusława Orzechowska-Wylęgała, Daniel Dłucik, Domenico Puzzolo, Giuseppe Santoro, Antonio Micali, Barbara Testagrossa, Giuseppe Acri
A satisfactory end result was obtained regardless of the procedure used. Augmentations using patient’s own ground teeth do not require the use of bio collagen membranes [49], thus significantly reducing the cost of the procedure. Not without significance is the place of bone regeneration. In lateral parts of the maxilla and mandible, all three devices are comparably effective. However, in esthetic region, the lack of labial bony wall of a maxillary anterior part of alveolar process, especially three wall defects, makes BonMaker the best device in this case, because of the possibility to produce ‘bone’ block from the tooth. The use of bone block results in a much better esthetic effect in the final prosthetic restoration of the implant in this area, as we have demonstrated in our previously published article [16]. Another aspect worth discussing is the automation of DM preparation in case of each device. Tooth Transformer is fully automated, while BonMaker and Smart Dentin Grinder are semi-automated devices. The semi-automation of the procedure results in increased time spent by the surgeon in the process of preparation of DM as shown in Table 1.
Oral health of the prehistoric Rima Rau cave burials, Atiu, Cook Islands
Published in Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 2020
Angela L. Clark, Christina Stantis, Hallie R. Buckley, Nancy Tayles
Dental caries are a demineralisation of tooth enamel and dentine when acids are released from specific bacteria after metabolising cariogenic foods (Hillson 2008). Carious lesions were considered present only if they were visibly cavitated and were recorded separately for all crown and root surfaces. No caries correction factors were calculated. Given the quality of the sample, this would have implied a degree of accuracy beyond that possible. Periapical lesions in the alveolar bone were recorded if observed macroscopically at the alveolar process closest to the socket (Hillson 2001, p. 2008). Such lesions may originate from infections of the pulp cavity, known as periapical dental abscess (Dias and Tayles 1997). Differential diagnosis of such lesions was not attempted. Tooth loss prior to death (AMTL) was differentiated from postmortem tooth loss by evidence of remodelling of empty tooth sockets, and compared to the combined total of alveoli. No diagnosis of aetiology was attempted.
Effect of locally administered novel biodegradable chitosan based risedronate/zinc-hydroxyapatite intra-pocket dental film on alveolar bone density in rat model of periodontitis
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2018
Deepak Kumar Khajuria, Saadath Fathima Zahra, Rema Razdan
Histological sections from the healthy group showed normal architecture of dentin, cementum, periodontal ligament and the alveolar bone tissues. Sections from the untreated periodontitis group revealed inflammatory cell infiltration coupled with severe destruction of the dentine, periodontal ligament, cementum and alveolar process with multiple resorption foci along the bone surface (Figure 7(A–B)). In contrast, the histological appearance of the alveolar bone in the periodontitis group treated with CRZHDF (both) and chitosan film showed restored architecture of trabecular bone with well-connected bone matrix and small medullary spaces (Figure 7(C–E)). The CRZHDF groups also showed restored architechure of dentine, periodontal ligament and cementum. Histological findings revealed that treatment with all therapeutic interventions increased alveolar bone formation and suppressed periodontitis induced alveolar bone resorption, correlating with the radiographic analysis.