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Ceramic Based Biomaterials
Published in Yaser Dahman, Biomaterials Science and Technology, 2019
Bioglass can also be a potential treatment for spinal fusion; this material was compared against iliac crest autograft as a treatment for thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). In this study, 40 patients underwent the iliac crest autograft and 48 underwent the bioglass spinal fusion. The patients were monitored for 2 years, and statistical data was compared using the Mann-Whitney U test and an unpaired t test. The results recorded displayed a 5% infection rate and 7.5% mechanical failure of the implant in the autograft group. The bioglass group was more successful with only 2% of the population developing an infection and 2% of the implants undergoing a mechanical failure. Although bioglass had more effective results, the overall data did not reach statistical significance, meaning the material is not more successful but just equally as effective as an autograft treatment. Overall, this study was able to show that bioglass is an effective biomaterial that can be used to maintain fusion and achieve correction in AIS patients. (Ilharreborde et al., 2008).
Products
Published in Emmanuel Tsekleves, Rachel Cooper, Design for Health, 2017
Abby Paterson, Richard Bibb, K. Downey, Jari Pallari
This application focuses on spinal braces used to support and stabilise the spine for those with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). AIS is the most common spinal deformity seen in children and adolescents, affecting up to 3–4 per cent of the population aged 10–16 years (Weinstein et al., 2008; Shah, 2015). This three-dimensional deformity of the spine and trunk is defined as a deviation in the curve of the spine that measures at least 10° progressing during periods of rapid growth (Nnadi and Fairbank, 2010; Weiss and Moramarco, 2013). AIS has no known cause (Lowe et al., 2000) and is more commonly seen in girls (Lonstein, 1994). If left untreated, the spine may continue to curve, potentially leading to further deformity and other health conditions such as arthritis. In more severe cases, curvature can even cause impaired heart and lung function or kyphosis, when the upper spine starts to twist (Weinstein et al., 2003).
Effect of Backpack Types and Loads on Children's Mediolateral Spinal Posture During Stair Walking
Published in Youlian Hong, Routledge Handbook of Ergonomics in Sport and Exercise, 2013
Youlian Hong, Daniel Tik-Pui Fong, Jing Xian Li
Numerous studies were conducted to demonstrate the biomechanics effect of load carriage. In level overground walking and walking on a treadmill, a load of 15 per cent body weight or more in a double-strap backpack significantly introduced forward trunk lean (Hong and Cheung, 2003), prolonged blood pressure recovery time (Hong and Brueggemann, 2000), increased oxygen update and energy expenditure (Hong et al., 2000), increased breathing frequency (Li et al., 2003) and increased trapeizius muscle activity and fatigue (Hong et al., 2008). In standing, the heavy load also altered the posture in healthy subjects (Chansirinukor et al., 2001), and even introduced imbalance in medial-lateral direction in girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (Chow et al., 2006). Beside the load, the carrying method also affected the body posture. Kinoshita (1985) found that an asymmetrical carrying method caused more spine tilt in level walking, while Troussier et al. (1994) found that it was a risk factor of lower back pain. Pascoe et al. (1997) also found that an asymmetrical school bag carrying method, represented by a single-strap backpack and a shoulder-supported athletic bag, significantly increased lateral spine deviation during level walking.
Innovative decision support for scoliosis brace therapy based on statistical modelling of markerless 3D trunk surface data
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2020
Stephan Rothstock, Hans-Rudolf Weiss, Daniel Krueger, Victoria Kleban, Lothar Paul
One of the most common three dimensional spine deformities is adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) with a prevalence of 2–4% of the population, predominantly affecting females (Rogala et al. 1978). Due to the natural progression but also to treatment there is a need for repeated follow-up investigations (Roach 2008). Brace treatment for example following the Chêneau principles has become a popular option for the conservative treatment of patients with scoliosis (Moramarco and Borysov 2017; Weiss 2017a, 2017b; 2019; Weiss and Moramarco 2017). Currently radiographic assessment of the spine is performed in order to measure the Cobb angle (Cobb 1948) between the two most tilted vertebrae of each curve. The Cobb angle measurement as the ‘Gold’ standard has certain limitations. The measurement is in frontal plane only, while scoliosis is a three dimensional deformity and for younger patients repeated X-ray exposures are a possible source for adverse effects (Thulbourne and Gillespie 1976; Nash et al. 1979; Hoffman et al. 1989; Doody et al. 2000; Ronckers et al. 2008; Ronckers et al. 2010).