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Wheels of Motion: Oscillatory Potentials in the Motor Cortex
Published in Alexa Riehle, Eilon Vaadia, Motor Cortex in Voluntary Movements, 2004
Frequency (Hz) FIGURE 7.8 Corticomuscular coherence in the beta frequency band. LFP in the hand area of the monkey primary motor cortex (A) was recorded simultaneously with rectified EMG from the adductor pollicis muscle (B), as the monkey performed precision grips sustained for over l sec (D). In D, the mean time course of finger and thumb displacements producing the grip is shown, along with the mean rectified EMG. During the period of maintained grip, the EMG exhibited distinct oscillatory bursts that were coherent with LFP oscillations at a frequency of about 25 Hz (C). The coherence spectrogram in E (mean of 274 trials), shows that the corticomuscular coherence was largely confined to the duration of constant muscle contraction, not involving movement initiation. (Adapted from Reference l2, with permission.)
A validated combined musculotendon path and muscle-joint kinematics model for the human hand
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2019
Jumana Ma’touq, Tingli Hu, Sami Haddadin
The proposed model includes all extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the human hand, see Figure 1 and Table 2. The musculotendon path, which describes the full muscle path from origin to insertion including the wrapping and via-points in 3-D space, is implemented for each muscle based on the anatomical descriptions from Lippert (2011) and the human hand dissection description from An et al. (1983). Based on these muscle descriptions, muscles with multiple origins such as in the Adductor Pollicis muscle (AdP), were modeled with several subregions to represent each origin-insertion path. For an arbitrary musculotendinous unit i, its length is modeled as a function of joint angles q and thus denoted as It is calculated as a summation of multiple muscle segment lengths, which connect origin, via-points, and insertion, see Figure 3.