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Designing for Hand and Wrist Anatomy
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
Intrinsic hand muscles act primarily on the carpal-metacarpal and metacarpal-phalangeal joints of all five digits. The carpal-metacarpal (CMC) joint of the thumb is very mobile and consequently frequently develops osteoarthritis. Motions at this first CMC joint (Hoppenfeld, 1976, pp. 90–91) include: (a) thumb abduction of approximately 70 degrees, in a plane perpendicular to the palm, (b) adduction of the thumb back to its neutral position (Figure 7.18, A),(c) thumb extension of approximately 50 degrees at the carpal-metacarpal joint in a plane roughly parallel to the palm (Figure 7.18, B), and (d) flexion beyond neutral, moving the metacarpal bone approximately 15 degrees toward the ulnar side of the palm (Yu et al., 2004, p. 26). Occasionally the extension/flexion motion is designated as radial thumb abduction and thumb adduction.
Pediatric and adolescent injury in skiing
Published in Research in Sports Medicine, 2018
Aaron J. Provance, Ariel K. Daoud, Alex Tagawa, Jason Rhodes
Upper extremity injuries are also common in youth alpine skiing, making up 5–42.3% of all injuries (Hagel, 2005; Hagel et al., 1999; Hill, 1989; Kim et al., 2012; Meyers et al., 2007; Milan et al., 2017; Ruedl et al., 2016; Selig et al., 2012; Westin et al., 2012). Hand/wrist/thumb injuries, specifically the thumb, are the most common injury reported at 11%-16.67% of injuries (Hill, 1989; Kim et al., 2012; Meyers et al., 2007; Ruedl et al., 2016; Selig et al., 2012; Westin et al., 2012). Arm/shoulder accounted for 7.8%-9% of injuries (Kim et al., 2012; Ruedl et al., 2016; Westin et al., 2012). Abdominal injuries have been reported to be 3.7%-20% of all injuries (Meyers et al., 2007; Milan et al., 2017; Selig et al., 2012) and not extensively studied in the pediatric population.
Development of a wearable cybernic glove that enables object grasping and gripping force measurement with open finger pad
Published in Advanced Robotics, 2023
Dan Yoshikawa, Hiroaki Kawamoto, Yoshiyuki Sankai
The first issue is that the assisted motions are limited to flexion and extension of the index and middle fingers and do not assist the motion of the thumb. Function of the thumb accounts for more than 40% of the total hand function [10], and humans realize various grasps by the wide-range movement of the thumb. According to Heo et al.'s survey of hand motion assist devices, few studies have assisted with thumb motion, and most assistance functions are limited to flexion and extension [6]. However, because patients with paralysis of the fingers have a clenched hand and have difficulty actively moving the thumb to the opposite position [11], assisting only the flexion and extension of the thumb is not sufficient. In such cases, methods such as fixing the thumb in the opposite position with a supporter are used, as in our previous study [9,12]. However, the fixed thumb limits the types of grasping. ‘Medium wrap’ [13] can be performed; however, ‘Lateral [13],’ in which the thumb is adducted and pinched with the side of the index finger, cannot be performed. The medium wrap and lateral pinch are representative of the most important grasping types [14], and assistance with adduction and abduction of the thumb is essential to achieve them. We have proposed and developed a lightweight assistive ring that can assist the 2-DOF motion of the thumb by placing a ring-shaped part at the base of the thumb and applying wire tension from four directions [15]. However, this system focuses only on the thumb, and the feasibility of integrating this with a cybernic finger to support grasping movements using all three fingers has not been confirmed. Therefore, the feasibility of grasping objects for various shapes by integrating the cybernic finger mechanisms of the index and middle fingers and the assistive ring for the 2-DOF thumb motion into a new hand-assistive exoskeleton has to be confirmed.