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Novel Microbial Compounds as a Boon in Health Management
Published in Jyoti Ranjan Rout, Rout George Kerry, Abinash Dutta, Biotechnological Advances for Microbiology, Molecular Biology, and Nanotechnology, 2022
Shubha Rani Sharma, Rajani Sharma, Debasish Kar
The pancreas is the organ situated behind the stomach. Its inflammation is quite painful and the condition is known as acute pancreatitis. It can be mild, moderate, severe to critically acute. In the case of severe and critical acute pancreatitis, there is persistence organ failure (Kylänpää et al., 2012). If this persists, it can lead to death. The main challenging issue with the disease is its diagnosis. It is quite difficult to access the organ without surgery. It has been observed that the sufferer has an increased level of amylase or lipase. But this is not always the case. In such a situation, abdominal imaging which includes computed tomography, transabdominal ultrasound, endoscopic ultrasound, and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography is preferred. Gallstones, idiopathic, chronic alcohol consumption, drug-induced hypertriglyceridemia, and idiopathic are the major risk factors for acute pancreatitis (Pang et al., 2018). Of this, gallstone is the main cause followed by alcohol consumption. Inappropriate trypsin activation is also one of the major causes of acute pancreatitis (Whitcomb, 2006). Its treatment also needs a specification for the risk factor. Acute pancreatitis due to gallstone needs to be operated on first. In the case of necrosis, antibiotics are to be given to avoid morbidity (Büchler et al., 2000). Another effective way of treatment is the introduction of probiotics. In most cases, it was not proved much effective (Gou et al., 2014) while some have shown a positive effect of probiotics on acute pancreatitis treatment (Hooijmans et al., 2012).
Liver and biliary system, pancreas and spleen
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
A comprehensive overview is given in the introduction to this chapter; however, a summary of the procedures used is given here: Plain radiographs of the abdomen do not demonstrate the normal pancreas. It is only since the introduction of ultrasound and CT that successful imaging of the gland has been possible.Ultrasound can provide detailed information on the structure of the gland and its vasculature. However, the entire gland may not be demonstrable, particularly the tail, in obese patients or patients with excessive bowel gas.CT, possibly with multiphase imaging, is the modality of choice in the investigation of acute pancreatitis and suspected tumour.ERCP permits good visualisation of the pancreatic duct and its major branches and may be useful in suspected chronic pancreatitis or when interventional techniques are planned – see page 334.Angiography may be performed prior to surgery or to demonstrate small endocrine tumours.With the advent of respiratory gating, MRI of the pancreas may provide useful information to support the findings of CT.
Nanomedicines for the Treatment of Gastric and Colonic Diseases
Published in Sarwar Beg, Mahfoozur Rahman, Md. Abul Barkat, Farhan J. Ahmad, Nanomedicine for the Treatment of Disease, 2019
Md. Adil Shaharyar, Mahfoozur Rahman, Kainat Alam, Sarwar Beg, Kumar Anand, Chowdhury Mobaswar Hossain, Arijit Guha, Muhammad Afzal, Imran Kazmi, Rehan Abdur Rub, Sanmoy Karmakar
Inflammation of the pancreas gland, medically, is termed as pancreatitis (Izrailov, 2018). In pancreatitis, during inflammation of pancreases, the pancreatic enzymes instead of getting activated in the intestines attack the tissues of the pancreas. It is more prevalent in men than women and is of two types: acute and chronic. Acute pancreatitis is life-threatening involving many complications and characterized by pain, that first starts in the upper abdomen and later extends to the back. This pain gets augmented after eating, but while in resting condition, it is mild. There are other symptoms which include a swollen and tender abdomen; nausea and vomiting, fever, and a rapid pulse (Noel, 2009; Sakorafas et al., 2000). Though permeability doesn’t seem to be the culprit in this disease yet both morbidity and mortality is increased due to its influence (Russo et al., 2004). The linkage between permeability and acute pancreatitis is currently investigated, and further study is required to be conducted.
Effect of ambient temperature on daily hospital admissions for acute pancreatitis in Nanchang, China: A time-series analysis
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2022
Bozhen Li, Wenzhong Huang, Pengguo Chen, Jianyong Chen, Ivano Biviano, Zhaohan Wang
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an acute inflammation of the pancreas, which is often closely related to bile duct obstructive obstruction, chronic alcoholism, vascular factors, pancreatic trauma and infection. The AP can lead to localized injury, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and organ failure, with a high death rate, high treatment costs and causing great pain and financial burden to patients (Petrov and Yadav 2019). As a common medical emergency, the annual incidence of AP is in the range of 12.4–67.1 per 100,000 people per year (Eland and Sturkenboom 2000; Sepanlou et al. 2020), and an increasing trend with a rate of more than 3.9% annually has been observed (Lindkvist et al. 2004; Lankisch et al. 2008). Because AP may be easily determined using case history (e.g. gallstones, alcohol consumption, hypertriglyceridemia, pregnancy, surgery, drugs and trauma) this is used for an immediate diagnosis of acute pancreatitis on admission (Lankisch et al. 1996; Pu et al. 2020).
A novel Co(II)-based coordination polymer: crystal structure and biological activity
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2020
Peng Zhang, Xuegang Gao, Chang Jia
Children acute pancreatitis is a disease in which pancreatic digestive enzymes are activated in the pancreas due to various reasons, combined with an increased level of chemical inflammation in the pancreas tissues.[1] The causes of the disease are various, and the common features of acute pancreatitis are the sudden onset of severe abdominal pain, vomiting and increased serum amylase.[2] The onset of pancreatic juice spills into the pancreatic stroma and its surrounding tissues, which often lead to disease misdiagnosed at the early stages.[3] When the pancreatic juice spills into the abdominal cavity, it usually causes the serve E. coli induced peritonitis.[4] Thus, targeting the inhibition of the E. coli growth, the candidate’s development has been the research focus at present.
Ameliorative effect of quercetin on pancreatic damage in rodent: a meta-analysis
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2023
Tri Wiyono, Khoirun Nisa, Sri Handayani, Anjar Windarsih, Septi Nur Hayati, Martha Purnami Wulanjati, Eti Nurwening Sholikhah, Woro Rukmi Pratiwi
Pancreatitis is an inflammatory condition of the pancreas characterized by fever, increased heart rate, nausea and abdominal pain. Other pathological signs are elevated pancreatic enzymes in blood plasma, pancreatic tissue edema, necrosis of acinar cells and hemorrhage [5]. There are two types of pancreatitis: acute and chronic [33]. Generally, acute pancreatitis is caused by infection, trauma, gallstones, alcohol consumption and metabolic disorders. While the chronic type is mostly caused by hypertriglyceridemia, alcohol, cystic fibrosis, and hereditary history [38].