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Gastrointestinal tract and salivary glands
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
This condition is the result of either ductal obstructions due to sialoliths or strictures in the ductal architecture. These patients usually give a history of a recurrent painful swelling that may be present with or without the presence of pus. This condition is most commonly found in the parotid gland and can affect one or both glands. Some studies have highlighted neonates and the elderly as more predisposed to the acute form of this condition. Examination of the patient usually reveals the presence of regional lymphadenopathy and he/she will be pyrexial, the most common bacterial pathogen implicated being Staphylococcus aureus. Patients present with varying clinical findings that may include a unilateral localised abscess, the presence of suppuration and/or cellulitis. The prescription of an appropriate antibiotic is necessary to treat the acute condition and, on resolution, the patient should then be re-referred for sialography.
Automatic diagnosis of dental diseases using convolutional neural network and panoramic radiographic images
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2021
Seyyed Amirhossein Ghaznavi Bidgoli, Arash Sharifi, Mohammad Manthouri
More than 90 out of every 100 adults have experienced tooth decay in their permanent teeth at least once (T. N. H. a. N. E. S. (NHANES) 2004). Enamel is the first affected layer of a tooth (Silk 2014). When the primary cavity emerges in a tooth, the decay spreads in depth. If the primary cavity is left untreated, the decay spreads even more and will probably damage the dentin (beneath the enamel). Then the pain begins, especially while eating hot, cold, and sweet foods (who.int 2012; Laudenbach and Simon 2014). Tooth decay can damage the pulp. This occurs when a toothache should be dealt with. Finally, a dental abscess appears when bacteria attack the surrounding tissue, bone, or gum (Co 2012).