China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Identification and Prediction of Substantial Differential Vulnerability to the Neurobehavioral Effects of Sleep Loss
Published in Steven Kornguth, Rebecca Steinberg, Michael D. Matthews, Neurocognitive and Physiological Factors During High-Tempo Operations, 2018
Although the work on the PER3 VNTR variants and cognitive responses to total sleep deprivation is important and promising, replication of such data are necessary to consider this polymorphism as a biomarker of cognitive vulnerability to sleep loss. Below we describe evidence that the aforementioned findings may not generalize to responses to chronic partial sleep deprivation (Goel et al. 2009). It is also unlikely that a single genetic variation accounts for all cognitive and homeostatic differences in response to total sleep deprivation (Landolt 2008). For example, one study reported an association between an A2A receptor gene polymorphism and objective and subjective differences in caffeine’s effects on non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep after total sleep deprivation (Retey et al. 2007).
Experimental Results on Cellular and Subcellular Systems Exposed to Low-Frequency and Static Magnetic Fields
Published in Ben Greenebaum, Frank Barnes, Biological and Medical Aspects of Electromagnetic Fields, 2018
Myrtill Simkó, Mats-Olof Mattsson
Adenosine receptors (ARs) expression, at different levels and in different cell types, plays an important role in inflammatory processes, especially in cartilage and bone pathologies. In the context of the bone physiology, there is strong evidence that PEMFs exert an anti-inflammatory effect through the upregulation of specific ARs, namely A2A and A3 (Vincenzi et al. 2013; Ochaion et al. 2008). PEMF exposure increased A2A adenosine receptors not only on human neuronal cancer cells, osteoblasts, and chondrocyte cell lines, but also in ex vivo isolated peripheral blood neutrophils. Neutrophils treated with PEMF showed significant increase of the A2A adenosine receptor signaling and in the capability, upon treatment with adenosine agonists, to inhibit the generation of superoxide anion production. Also the role of adenosine analogues and MF stimulation for PGE2 release and COX-2 expression in bovine synovial fibroblasts (SFs) has been investigated (De Mattei et al. 2009). MF exposure (75 Hz, 1.5 mT) of bovine monolayer synovial fibroblasts reduced PGE2 production and potentiated PGE2 inhibition caused by the presence of adenosine agonists. Changes in PGE2 levels were associated with modification of COX-2 expression. This study supports the anti-inflammatory activity of adenosine receptors and MFs in bovine SFs. In a more recent study (Ongaro et al. 2012), human SFs from osteoarthritis patients were treated with IL-1ß and PEMF (peak intensity of the magnetic field was 1.5 mT, 75 Hz) to investigate a possible involvement of adenosine receptors (ARs) in limiting cartilage degradation and in controlling inflammation. EMF exposure induced a selective increase in A2A and A3 ARs, which were associated with changes in cAMP levels, indicating that ARs were functionally active. Additional data showed that in the presence of adenosine agonists and antagonists, PEMF inhibited the release of PGE2 and of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8, while stimulating the release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, an effect partially mediated by the adenosine pathway through A2A and A3 activation. Hence, PEMF may interfere with neutrophil pro-inflammatory abilities by modulating the expression and function of adenosine receptors (Varani et al. 2002). A recent review (Varani et al. 2017) reported that PEMF exposure mediates a significant upregulation of A2A and A3ARs expressed in various cells or tissues involving a reduction in most of the pro-inflammatory cytokines and hypothesized the anti-inflammatory effect of PEMF.
Neuromotor activity inhibition in zebrafish early-life stages after exposure to environmental relevant concentrations of caffeine
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2021
Natália Oliveira de Farias, Thayres de Sousa Andrade, Viviani Lara Santos, Pedro Galvino, Paula Suares-Rocha, Inês Domingues, Cesar Koppe Grisolia, Rhaul Oliveira
Measured environmental concentrations of CAF may induce adverse effects especially on fish and amphibians, which have conserved molecular targets of CAF (e.g. ryanodine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glycine and adenosine receptors). For example, adenosine receptor genes (A1, A2a, A2b, and A3) are present in vertebrates, from fish to mammals, and A2c receptor genes are only found in fish and amphibians.[21,22] Therefore, the stimulatory effects of CAF on the central nervous system of aquatic vertebrates may lead to changes in behavioral endpoints. Fraker and Smith[23] showed effects on startle response in amphibian Rana pipiens at 0.6 μg/L (28 d-LOEC (lowest observed effect concentration)).
Simulative structure and binding sites of lyral with olfactory receptor 10J5 using computational prediction methods
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2020
Pu Wang, Rui Zhang, Shunbang Yu, Charles Lee, He Wang
The multiple alignment of OR10J5 was executed and compared to five GPCRs with known crystal structures: bovine rhodopsin, human ß2 adrenergic receptor, turkey ß1 adrenergic receptor, human A2a adenosine receptor, and human CXCR4 chemokine receptor using 3D-COFFEE (Armougom et al. 2006). In addition, ORs mEG-OR, MOR35-1, Hor2J3, and OR10J6P were aligned to ensure the critical conserved sequences (Charlier et al. 2013) and compared to OR10J5. All these ORs exhibited a 75% similarity with OR10J5.