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Cell and Extracellular Matrix Interactions in a Dynamic Biomechanical Environment:
Published in Michel R. Labrosse, Cardiovascular Mechanics, 2018
The effect of cyclic stretch is enhanced by 5-hydroxytryptamine (HT or serotonin) and is mediated by 5-HT receptor 2A, leading to increased cell proliferation, collagen production, and tissue stiffness (Balachandran et al. 2011, 2012). Cyclic stretch promotes expression of the gene for 5-HT receptor 2A, thereby increasing 5-HT responsiveness (Balachandran et al. 2011). The role of 5-HT and 5-HT receptors in the valve is an active area of research as an association between serotonin medications, and cardiac valvulopathy has been identified (Jick et al. 1998, Rothman et al. 2000).
Sub-chronic toxicity of broflanilide on the nervous system of zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Published in Chemistry and Ecology, 2023
Kai Wang, Zhiqiu Qi, Manman Duan, Ru Zhang, Lu He
DA and 5-HT pathways were also significantly affected by broflanilide. DA participates in the regulation of locomotion and cognition in zebrafish [68,69]. Relative expression changes in tyrosine hydroxylase (th) and DA receptors (dr) drd1, drd2, and drd4 are closely related to impaired behaviours in zebrafish, such as locomotion, learning, and memory [68,70]. Decreased drd4b is reported to cause an inhibition of the swimming behaviour in zebrafish [71]. Their lower transcripts may also be responsible for the decreased release of DA in the fish brain [22]. It has been reported that the absence of DA signals reduces locomotion in worms, snails, and leeches [72]. The observed decrease of the DA level indicates that broflanilide affects zebrafish behaviour by destroying the structure or function of DA neurons. The decrease of the 5-HT level indicates that broflanilide affects multiple neurotransmitter systems. 5-HT regulates cognition, memory, and learning behaviours [73]. Monoamine oxidase (mao) is an endogenous rate-limiting enzyme that is widely present in mitochondria and has the function of catalysing the oxidation of HT [74]. Broflanilide may regulate the level of the neurotransmitter 5-HT by changing the expressions of mao, serotonin transporter (serta), tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (tph2), and 5-HT receptor types (5ht1aa and 5ht2b), resulting in abnormal behaviour [75].