China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Creating a Brochure and a Website for the Vehicle
Published in Vivek D. Bhise, Automotive Product Development, 2017
Safety characteristics can be also categorized into passive and active. Passive safety features are vehicle features (or mechanisms) that reduce the driver’s chances of getting involved in a crash and reducing severity in the case of an accident without the driver taking any action related to the unsafe situation. Thus, the driver is considered to be “passive” in such situations. With “active” safety features, the driver is alerted to the impending safety situation, is typically required to use the feature, and must be engaged in making a decision and performing an action to avoid getting into the unsafe situation. Examples of passive safety systems are air bags and automatic braking systems. Blind area sensing systems, rear view cameras, and lane-departure warning systems are examples of active safety systems.
The Future of AI in Cars
Published in Josep Aulinas, Hanky Sjafrie, AI for Cars, 2021
Safety systems in the automotive industry can be divided into two categories: active and passive. Active safety systems are made to prevent accidents by providing assistance in steering and controlling the vehicle, while passive safety systems are targeted to mitigate the damage caused by an unavoidable accident. Many existing ADAS are active systems, for example, Automatic Emergency Breaking (AEB), Electronic Stability Control (ESC), Anti-Lock Braking Systems (ABS), Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC), Blind Spot Detection (BSD), to name a few. Some well-known examples of passive safety systems are the seat belt and the airbag.
Application of Risk Analysis Methods for Railway Level Crossing Problems
Published in Qamar Mahboob, Enrico Zio, Handbook of RAMS in Railway Systems, 2018
On the one hand, in road traffic, vehicles can achieve relatively short braking distances as the adhesion between rubber wheels and the road surface is high. In addition, they can avoid obstacles on short notice. Safety is prevalently based on traffic rules and therefore strongly depends on the behavior of the road users. Road users are allowed to go only at a speed that enables them to stop within the distance they can see. The authorities try to influence the road users’ behavior, particularly through road design. Technical measures aim at passive safety to reduce accident severity (e.g., seat belts and air bags).
Making autonomous vehicle systems human-like: lessons learned from accident experiences in traffic
Published in Enterprise Information Systems, 2023
Carmen Kar Hang Lee, K.Y.K. Wu
In addition to the importance of the ability to make human-like decisions, safety features of an AVS also affect AV performance on roads. In the current literature, streams of research on AVS from a safety perspective include passive and active safety. Passive safety focuses on reducing the impacts of the severity of an accident after the accident has already happened. Examples of passive safety features include seat belts and airbags (Hu et al. 2015). Compared to passive safety, active safety received more research attention as it avoids accidents (Falcone et al. 2007). Collision avoidance is an important feature of an active safety vehicle. More vehicles are now equipped with autonomous emergency braking systems that automatically apply brakes or increase the braking action in the event of a collision (Savino et al. 2016). The objective is to reduce the collision impact speed and thereby the risk of injury of the persons involved. According to Coelingh, Eidehall, and Bengtsson (2010), vehicles equipped with collision avoidance features can avoid accidents up to 35 km/h and mitigate accidents, achieving an impact speed reduction of 35 km/h in specific traffic scenarios.
An investigation of the crashworthiness performance and optimization of tetra-chiral and reentrant crash boxes
Published in Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines, 2022
Cüneyt Aktaş, Erdem Acar, Mehmet Ali Güler, Murat Altın
According to a report by the World Health Organization (WHO) on the prevention of road traffic accidents, more than 3700 people die worldwide every day, on average, due to injuries related to traffic accidents (World Health Organization 2018). While deaths from traffic accidents ranked 9th in the world in 1990, this rose to 3rd place in 2020. It is predicted that these numbers will rise further if necessary preventive measures are not taken. Various safety measures are used in cars to ensure the safety of both the driver and passengers in the event of an accident. These may be considered to be of two types, active and passive safety systems. Active safety systems include equipment (e.g., ABS, EPS, and ASR), which reduce the possibility of accidents by assisting the driver in driving safely. Equipment, such as seat belts, airbags, and crash boxes are passive safety systems that aim to ensure that the occupants of the vehicle are affected at a minimum level in the event of an accident.
Potential head injury mitigation of M-AEB in real-world motorcycle crashes
Published in International Journal of Crashworthiness, 2020
Simone Piantini, Nicolas Bourdet, Giovanni Savino, Simon Rosalie, Marco Pierini, Caroline Deck, Remy Willinger
Over the course of many years, there has been a significant effort made in the development of passive safety devices for motorcycles riders. The intent of passive safety devices is to reduce injury severity in the event of an accident rather than prevent the occurrence of an accident. Such devices include helmets, protective clothing, back protectors, neck brace protectors, wearable thoracic airbags and motorcycle airbags [9–13]. Lamentably, the efficacy of many of these devices in real-world crashes remains unclear, at least in part to underuse [9,10]. The helmet, however, is a notable exception.