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Application Examples
Published in Parviz E. Nikravesh, Planar Multibody Dynamics, 2018
Laboratory and field crash tests are performed in a variety of forms to gain better understanding of the dynamics of a crash to design and manufacture safer vehicles. Valuable data are collected from crash tests using crash dummies. In this example, we attempt to set up a multibody model of a crash dummy and to simulate a sled crash test.* A multibody representation of the dummy and the seat/sled is shown in Figure 15.14. The simulation scenario would allow the belted dummy and the seat to move forward with a specific speed and then to come to a stop in a short duration of time.
Energy absorption study of a new reinforced top-hat section beam under flexural loading
Published in International Journal of Crashworthiness, 2022
Nima Zahedan, Hamed Ahmadi, GholamHossein Liaghat
Crash performance requirements are focussed on occupant injury parameters and structural deformation measurements like intrusion, acceleration, and velocity of the deforming structure. Protecting people in side crash is challenging because the sides of vehicles have relatively little space to absorb energy and shield occupants, unlike the front and rear, which have substantial crumple zones. From the discussions above, it is clear that an optimised body structure is an obligation for satisfying the legal requirements for improving safety in side impact crash events [2]. Automotive crash tests are performed in vehicle safety inspection institutions using another moving car or a specially designed barrier that impacts the vehicle at 50 km/h to simulate inertial and crush properties of a real car collision. Car to tree or pole impact is simulated by moving the vehicle into a rigidly built fixture at 32 km/h which mimics a pole or a tree [3].
Driver head kinematic analysis under frontal offset collision during the rebound phase
Published in International Journal of Crashworthiness, 2019
Yahaya Ahmad, Wira Jazair Yahya, Khairil Anwar Abu Kassim, Saiprasit Koetniyom, Julaluk Carmai, Hasannuddin abd Kadir
Crash test is one of the methods in evaluating capability of the vehicle to protect and minimise injuries to occupant during vehicle collision. It is a destructive test measuring safe design standards for crashworthiness and compatibility. Vehicle safety level is defined by the protection provided by the vehicle to the occupant. Injury severity of the occupant is measures by the anthropomorphic test devices (ATD) or dummies installs in the vehicle. There are many variations of crash tests were conducted in evaluating the safety level of the vehicle. Crash test varies from frontal impact, side impact, rear impact and angle impact. Frontal impact can be further divided into full-frontal impact in which full face of the vehicle hitting the barrier and the offset impact with a certain percentage of the vehicle face impacting the barrier. In this case, the vehicle is propelled to the barrier for the test.
Comparison of potential injuries to the head and lower extremities of a motorcyclist during impact with W-beam and wire rope barriers using FE simulations
Published in International Journal of Crashworthiness, 2018
Harshil Patel, Dhaval Jani, Ayanesh Joshi
Full-scale crash tests are typically performed using an instrumented vehicle with an anthropometric test device. The major disadvantages of this method include poor reproducibility and high cost and time required for each test. Moreover, only a limited number of crash conditions can be considered by a full-scale crash test. On the other hand, numerical simulations can systematically analyse a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors observed in the field. These factors are too complex or too numerous to analyse using conventional approaches. Hence, computer simulations were chosen as the method of analysis for this study.