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Developing a Sports Utility VehicleA Case Study
Published in Vivek D. Bhise, Automotive Product Development, 2017
In addition to the observations included in the concluding remarks section of Chapter 23, the important observations from the projects are briefly described here:1.The SUV segment covered in this chapter is an important and different type of automotive product. SUVs carry more passengers, have greater load-carrying capacity, and provide more flexibility in seating as compared with passenger cars.2.Three major changes proposed to increase the fuel efficiency of the SUV were (a) engine downsizing, (b) implementation of a hybrid powertrain, and (c) reducing the overall weight of the vehicle.3.The market share of SUVs has been steadily growing, and thus, this represents a substantially lucrative opportunity to increase future profits.
Energy and Transport
Published in Clive Beggs, Energy: Management, Supply and Conservation, 2010
Most vehicles that travel overland and many ships utilize internal combustion engines. Such engines use oil as fuel and tend to be very inefficient. For example, the thermal efficiency of a typical petrol engine is only about 26%, before mechanical inefficiencies are taken into account. This means that most standard engines have an overall efficiency of only about 20%. In other words, 80% of the fuel energy is lost to atmosphere as heat. By comparison, diesel engines which have a higher compression ratio than petrol engines have efficiencies around 45%, making them a much more energy–efficient option. Given that internal combustion engines are inefficient, automobile manufacturers have made strenuous efforts in recent years to improve the efficiency of petrol engines. However, despite significant improvements in engine efficiency, the average fuel efficiency of petrol-engine cars has remained relatively static [3], simply because more people now own large luxury cars. Indeed, in the USA, due to the growth in popularity of large sports utility vehicles (SUVs), average fuel efficiency has fallen to 20.4 mpg (US) in 2001, a substantial reduction from the 1987–1988 peak of 22.1 mpg [3].
Optimal platform design using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II and technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution; application to automotive suspension system
Published in Engineering Optimization, 2018
Mohammad Hassan Shojaeefard, Abolfazl Khalkhali, Hamed Faghihian, Masoud Dahmardeh
This article employs a novel approach in designing an optimal common suspension system for an automotive platform. Five different types of automotive—sedan, hatchback, sport utility vehicle (SUV), minivan car and a pickup—are considered as the platform variants. First, a five-degrees-of-freedom car ride model is presented. including broadband stochastic roadway inputs which are described by the displacement power spectral density. Optimal design of the suspension system for the product family is carried out using the popular multi-objective GA method (NSGA-II) to find the non-dominated optimal points, while considering not only the performance of the suspension system, but also the level of commonality as the objective functions. The design constraints that are taken into account are road holding, maximum wheel travel, tyre deflection, and damping ratio for the vehicle shock absorbers. In the second step, the TOPSIS method is employed to find the trade-off design point out of all non-dominated points obtained for the suspension system of the automotive product family. The obtained results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Investigation of traffic accidents involving seated pedestrians using a finite element simulation-based approach
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Daniel Grindle, Ahmed Balubaid, Costin Untaroiu
To investigate pedestrian biomechanical responses in CPCs, two publicly available generic vehicle models (Klug et al. 2017) were used to impact the pedestrian model (M50-OS). The geometries of the vehicle models correspond to the family car/sedan (FCR) and the sports utility vehicle (SUV). These generic vehicle FE models consist of a spoiler, bumper, grille, bonnet, bonnet leading edge, and windshield whose stiffnesses have been calibrated against current European cars. These simplified vehicle models drastically reduce the computational cost of CPC simulations while still obtaining reliable results. In these CPC simulations, the ground was modeled as a rigid plane, as prescribed in the EuroNCAP pedestrian guidelines (Euroncap 2019).
Curb weight probability distribution and the recommended gross weight of passenger car in mechanical parking garage design
Published in Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 2023
Hongbo Yang, Jingshu Zhang, Zhuo Chen, Fawei Zhao, Haiyang Liu
In Table 11, the recommended gross weights for codes JGJ/T 326–2014 (Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China 2014), JGJ 100–2015 (Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China 2015), and this study are listed. The recommended gross weights of the sedan, SUV, general vehicles, and MPV are respectively compared with the ones of a small car, medium car, large car, and extra-large car.