China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Core Eudicots: Dicotyledons V
Published in Donald H. Les, Aquatic Dicotyledons of North America, 2017
Navarretia fossalis Moran grows in depressions, ditches, floodplains, mudflats, swales, and vernal pools at elevations of up to 1300 m. The plants occur on saline/alkali ground or on thin soils underlain by acidic rock (pH: 5.8–8.2). Substrates include clay, clay loam, sandy clay, sandy loam, or silty clay, which either are weakly cemented or hardpan (iron-silica cemented). Flowering occurs from April to June. The floral features indicate that the plants are adapted for self-pollination. The capsules are indehiscent and contain 5–25 seeds, which are released as they take up water (e.g., following heavy rains) and expand to rupture the fruit wall. The seeds become mucilaginous when wet. The plants deteriorate rapidly following seed set, making it difficult to inventory populations. Also, population size is proportional to rainfall and dwindles in drought years. An isoetid growth form (which may facilitate carbon uptake) is induced in juvenile plants when they are grown under submerged conditions. This species is not narrowly specialized to vernal pools and often is found in other wet habitats. However, it is very rare in California with fewer than 30 known populations concentrated in only three main sites (1998 data). The populations are threatened by habitat loss, urbanization, agriculture, and damage from off-road vehicles. Reported associates:Alopecurus saccatus, Ambrosia pumila, Anagallis minima, Anthemis cotula, Atriplex argentea, A. coronata, Avena barbata, A. fatua, Bassia hyssopifolia, Bergia texana, Boisduvalia densiflora, Branchinecta sandiegonensis, Brodiaea filifolia, B. jolonensis, B. orcuttii, Callitriche marginata, Crassula aquatica, Cressa truxillensis, Crypsis schoenoides, Deschampsia danthoniodes, Downingia cuspidata, Echinodorus berteroi, Elatine brachysperma, E. californica, Eleocharis acicularis, E. macrostachya, Epilobium pygmaeum, Erodium cicutarium, Eryngium aristulatum, Frankenia grandiflora, F. salina, Helianthus annuus, Hemizonia fasciculata, H. parryi, H. pungens, Hirschfeldia incana, Hordeum depressum, H. intercedens, Isoetes howellii, I. orcuttii, Juncus bufonius, Lasthenia californica, L. glabrata, Lepidium dictyotum, L. latipes, L. nitidum, Lilaea scilloides, Lolium perenne, Lythrum hyssopifolia, Malvella leprosa, Marsilea vestita, Mimulus latidens, Montia fontana, Myosurus minimus, Nama stenocarpum, Nassella pulchra, Navarretia hamata, N. prostrata, Ophioglossum californicum, Orcuttia californica, Phalaris lemmonii, Phalaris minor, P. paradoxa, Pilularia americana, Plagiobothrys acanthocarpus, P. leptocladus, Plantago elongata, P. erecta, Pogogyne abramsii, P. nudiuscula, Polygonum argyrocoleon, P. aviculare, Psilocarphus brevissimus, P. tenellus, Rotala ramosior, Rumex crispus, R. martimus, R. persicariodes, Sida leprosa, Suaeda moquinii, Trichostema austromontanum, Trifolium depauperatum, Verbena bracteata, Veronica peregrina.
Data-driven machine criticality assessment – maintenance decision support for increased productivity
Published in Production Planning & Control, 2022
Maheshwaran Gopalakrishnan, Mukund Subramaniyan, Anders Skoogh
Case A was selected from a large off-road vehicle automotive company. The chosen production cell consisted of a production cell that had five machining pieces of equipment that were serially connected. Conveyor paths were used to transport the parts between each machine, i.e. they acted as buffers. All of the machines performed different operations and the production cell produced six different variants of the product. This case company had poor data availability in terms of MES machine data as they do not have automated data collection from the machines. But it did have maintenance data, i.e. PM schedules, PM types, and failure data. This case company had a long history of having machine criticality classification and during the time of study, they were moving to a newly created classification. However, it did not affect the study as the timespan chosen for study lies completely during the old classification period.
Effect of guardrail on reducing fatal and severe injuries on freeways: Real-world crash data analysis and performance assessment
Published in Journal of Transportation Safety & Security, 2018
Ning Li, Byungkyu Brian Park, James H. Lambert
Guardrail systems are an important roadside safety feature to reduce the severity of RD crashes. Guardrail is designed to contain, hold, and redirect a run-off road vehicle to reduce crash impacts should the vehicle leave the travel lane. For example, the Virginia Department Transportation (VDOT) has installed in recent decades a total length of more than 7,000 miles of guardrail systems with an asset replacement value of close to $1 billion (VDOT, 2014). These guardrail systems are now in heterogeneous physical conditions, with many approaching or exceeding their service life, and many no longer meeting the new U.S. federal and VDOT standards for type and post height (American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials [AASHTO], 2011).
Twist beam development at an early design stage: Effect of suspension and body characteristics on rear suspension durability
Published in Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines, 2020
Guilherme Carneiro, Marco Túlio Anjos, Ernani Sales Palma
Breytenbach and Els (2011) evaluated the effects of nonlinear spring and damper characteristics on the durability of a heavy off-road vehicle structure. It was proposed a range of values for both variables to minimize the fatigue of the structure under two different load conditions: unladen and fully laden.