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Drive and Control System for Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Published in Ali Emadi, Handbook of Automotive Power Electronics and Motor Drives, 2017
Weng Keong Kevin Lim, Saman Kumara Halgamuge, Harry Charles Watson
Besides HC, HEV also makes a distinction between charge depleting hybrids and charge sustaining hybrids. Charge depleting hybrids allow their batteries to be depleted and do not have the ability to recharge them at the same rate as they are being discharged. This type of hybrid gives more priority to propelling the vehicle under pure electric mode most of the time and depletes its battery state of charge (SOC) to its minimum level within the allowable SOC operating range. When the SOC reaches the minimum level, the ICE will be triggered to drive the generator to recharge the battery back to its maximum SOC. When the SOC is high, the ICE is shut off and the vehicle is driven under pure electric mode until the SOC depletes to its minimum level again.
Battery EVs and PHEVs
Published in Kwang Hee Nam, and Electric Vehicle Applications, 2017
Charge-depleting (CD) mode: In this mode, the vehicle is driven exclusively by an electric motor with the combustion engine off. The state-of-charge (SOC) may fluctuate but, on the average, decreases until the SOC lowers down to a predetermined level. From that time, the ICE turns on. The maximum CD mode range is AER.
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle observed utility factor: Why the observed electrification performance differ from expectations
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 2022
Seshadri Srinivasa Raghavan, Gil Tal
The transportation sector is responsible for 30% of the U.S. total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and light duty vehicles (LDVs) account for close to 60% of the transport sector GHG emissions (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EPA], 2019a). Light duty vehicle (LDV) electrification is a promising solution to mitigate the adverse impacts of GHG emissions on the environment and public health. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are often considered a viable option to catalyze the transition toward LDV electrification (Cordera et al., 2019; Poullikkas, 2015). PHEVs are equipped with a larger battery pack compared to conventional hybrid vehicles (HEVs) that can be charged using grid electricity and have an internal combustion engine (ICE). PHEVs are not limited by the range of the battery and combine the advantages all-electric capabilities of a battery electric vehicle (BEV) with the engine downsizing, minimal energy losses due to no engine idling, and regenerative braking capabilities of a HEV. PHEVs are operated in two distinct modes: charge depleting (CD), when electrical energy stored in the battery after charging is used to propel the vehicle and charge sustaining (CS) mode in which the PHEV is driven on gasoline.