China
Africa
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Concluding remarks
Published in Subhes C. Bhattacharyya, Routledge Handbook of Energy in Asia, 2018
Although the past economic growth has been supported by fossil fuels, the environmental impacts have become clearly visible in Asia with many cities and urban areas exceeding the safe air quality limits set by the World Health Organisation. The region has taken initiatives to harness renewable forms of energies such as hydropower, solar energy, wind and biofuels. Asian countries had installed more than 83 GW of solar photovoltaics (PV) and some concentrated solar power capacity by 2015. Cost competitiveness of solar PV, favourable policies in the region and innovative financing options have supported this growth. Similarly, Asia is a major player in wind power development, and China, India, Japan and South Korea are major manufacturers of wind turbines and their components. Asian governments have adopted supporting policies to promote wind power and China is the world leader in terms of installed capacity. The region has significant hydro-resource potential as well but only a small part of it has been developed so far. The environmental impacts of large hydropower development and the geopolitical constraints of connecting resource areas with demand centres have affected hydro resource development in the region. The region has significant biofuel potential but managing the life-cycle impacts remains important. As the countries try to balance economic growth and energy sector development, renewable energy resources and technologies will play an important role in reducing the carbon intensity of the sector.
Introduction
Published in Alasdair Cameron, Desert Energy, 2012
Currently, with the exception of large hydropower, renewable energy is only just beginning to emerge from the shadows as a mainstream energy source. While in many parts of the world biomass (wood, charcoal, and dung) continues to be a primary source of heat and fuel, and accounts for around 10 per cent of global primary energy needs,35 this consumption is largely unsustainable and brings with it numerous health and environmental problems.36 (Forest clearance for charcoal and heating wood for example is a major concern in many parts of the world, devastating biodiversity and promoting desertification, while indoor air pollution from burning wood and animal dung in enclosed spaces reportedly leads to respiratory problems contributing to up to 2 million deaths per year.)37 As far as modern renewable energy for electricity is concerned, it is only in the last few years that several technologies have really begun to make an impact. Wind power is now the fastest growing electricity source in both the USA and European Union, with more new wind peak capacity installed in 2008 and 2009 than any other form of new electricity.38 In some markets, such as Denmark, Spain or Germany, wind power now makes a significant contribution to national electricity demand. Other countries, like China and India, are also installing wind power, with China emerging as the largest market for onshore wind power in 2009, with 13,000 MW of new wind power installed that year alone.39
Renewable Energy
Published in Larry E. Erickson, Gary Brase, Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Improving Air Quality, 2019
In 2017, 52 GW of new wind power-generating capacity was added, and global cumulative capacity is now at about 539 GW (Sawin et al., 2018). Asia has been the largest regional market for wind power, with China being the largest market within that (about 188 GW at the end of 2017). The USA is second in terms of wind generating capacity, with 89 GW at the end of 2017. Globally, more than 5% of electric power generation is from wind. At least 13 countries in Europe, Central America, and South America met 10% or more of their electricity needs with wind power during 2017 (Zervos, 2018).
Can wind power policies effectively improve the productive efficiency of Chinese wind power industry?
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2021
As the largest developing country, China always regards economic growth as one of the most important strategic tasks. However, the traditional economic growth mode driven by investment has caused a lot of energy consumption and carbon emissions (Tu et al. 2019; Dong and Li 2021). According to the Paris Agreement, China needs to reduce carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 60% by 2030, and increase the proportion of non-fossil energy consumption to 20% of primary energy consumption. To effectively mitigate the triple pressure of climate change, economic growth and energy supply, expanding renewable energy sources has become a key strategy (Luo et al. 2020). Considering the advantages in technical maturity, economic benefits and development potential, wind power has become a long-term energy choice for China (Li et al. 2018b; Boretti 2021). With the improvement of wind turbine manufacturing capacity, Chinese wind power market expanded exponentially over the last decade (Hayashi, Huenteler, and Lewis 2018). The total installed capacity of wind power in China is 230 GW in 2019, ranking the first in the world.
Can China’s offshore wind power achieve grid parity in time?
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2021
Chenxi Xiang, Fei Chen, Fan Wen, Feng Song
However, as an emerging technology, offshore wind power is still at an early stage of development, and not much research (especially quantitative research) has been conducted on it. He et al. (2016) qualitatively analyzed the development of offshore wind power in China using the SWOT methodology. Keivanpour et al. (2019) suggested that technical feasibility and geographical constraints, demand for energy and the stability of regions for long-term investments are all critical factors in the estimation of offshore wind potential. deCastro et al. (2019) compared the situations in Europe, China, and the United States and asserted that the high feed-in tariff (FIT) set by the Government has boosted the development of offshore wind power in China. Zhang et al. (2019) concluded that wind power policies play a vital role in the Chinese wind power market. Maienza et al. (2020) conducted a case study of a floating offshore wind farm in Southern Italy and calculated its LCOE to be 9.74 €c/kWh. The rapid transformation of technologies increases the demand for corresponding data analysis (Scheidt et al. 2020).
Centrifuge modelling for seismic response of single pile for wind turbine subjected to lateral load
Published in Marine Georesources & Geotechnology, 2021
Bin Zhu, Xiaofeng Wu, Yubing Wang, Yanguo Zhou
Wind energy is one of the fastest growing renewable energy sources. Over the past two decades, the installed capacity of onshore and offshore wind power has increased nearly 75 times, from 7.5 GW in 1997 to 597 GW in 2018. The total installed capacity of offshore wind power in China is 4.45 million kW in 2019, and the capacity under construction is 6.47 million kW. China has become the third largest offshore wind power country in the world after the UK and Germany.