China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Cervical Ectopic Pregnancy
Published in Botros Rizk, A. Mostafa Borahay, Abdel Maguid Ramzy, Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Gynecologic Emergencies, 2020
Women with cervical ectopic pregnancies will present with a range of different symptoms; however, most commonly, they will complain of vaginal bleeding that is usually painless [1, 2, 11]. If pain is accompanied with this diagnosis, patients will generally complain of abdominal or pelvic pain secondary to the cervical dilatation and hourglass stretching association. Given the close proximity to the urinary bladder, patients may also complain of urinary symptoms, including frequency and urgency [11]. Rarely, they may also have much more concerning findings consisting of hypotension and shock if the cervix ruptures from the expanding pregnancy [1, 2, 11]. Most often, this is an incidental finding on early viability scan and often appears larger and presents later than a tubal ectopic pregnancy [11].
Cervical Fibroids
Published in Rooma Sinha, Arnold P. Advincula, Kurian Joseph, FIBROID UTERUS Surgical Challenges in Minimal Access Surgery, 2020
The symptomatology of cervical myomas necessitates a thorough pelvic examination, including per speculum examination and even emergency management. They can be pedunculate myomas that gradually dilate the endocervical canal and protrude out of the cervical canal into the vagina [4, 5, 6]. Eventually, the surface can become ulcerated and infected if neglected [5]. Occasionally, the pedunculate myomas twist, resulting in poor blood supply and necrosis. Sometimes, impacted myomas even mimic uterine inversion [6]. Large cervical myomas may compress the urethra or ureters, causing urinary complains as well. The urinary bladder is compressed because of the pressure effect of cervical fibroids, leading to urgency and frequency and even incontinence [5]. Acute urinary retention necessitates surgery because of rapidly growing myomas that compress the urethra and bladder neck against pubic symphysis, causing urinary retention [7]. Often, a large cervical myoma may get incarcerated in a cul-de-sac, wedging the cervix and obstructing urinary flow. Hence, the chances of urinary tract infections are high. An increase in intravesicular pressure due to compression by a cervical myoma can cause incontinence as well. Silent urethral compression against the pelvic wall can lead to infection, hydronephrosis, or renal parenchyma damage [5]. Constipation can aggravate because of pressure against the rectum [8–10]. Even the intestine can become entwined with pedunculated myomas, causing intermittent intestinal obstruction [5].
The Urinary System and Its Disorders
Published in Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss, Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss
The urinary bladder is a distensible, muscular sacm the pelvis. When empty, the bladder's walls collapse; as it fills, it expands upward. Covered at the top by peritoneum, the bladder is separated from the rectum posteriorly by the rectovesical pouch in the male and from the uterus by the vesicouterine pouch in the female. The internal floor of the bladder forms a smooth triangular area known as the urethral trigone (trigonon is Greek for "triangle"). At the posterolateral angles of the trigone, the ureters enter at the uretic orifices; at the front angle is the internal urethral orifice through which the urethra leaves the bladder. The detrusor uniae muscles, the muscles of the bladder, stretch when the bladder fills and contract in response to relaxation of the urethral sphincter to empty the contents.
Detection of co-infection with Orientia tsutsugamushand and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome by next-generation sequencing
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2023
Qianhui Xu, Wenyi Zhang, Qian Wang, Xuejun Fu, Jing Han, Ying Huang
After doxycycline administration, the patient’s body temperature quickly decreased, and her urine volume gradually increased, reaching a maximum of 7400 mL. Polyuria was considered caused by hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Fifteen days after admission, the patient developed urinary retention. The urinary motility examination indicated that the urinary bladder was dull, compliance was normal, and detrusor contractility was significantly weakened. Catheterization began. Eight days after admission, her voice was hoarse, and an oral fungal infection was found, and mouthwash and oral fluconazole were prescribed. On the 28th day after the onset of the disease, the patient was free of symptoms and was discharged. One month after discharge, the patient’s urination recovered substantially without significant residual urine. Three months after discharge, the patient returned to normal levels.
Evaluating sexual function among women after recurrent pelvic organ prolapse transvaginal mesh repair
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Samuel Tvarozek, Martin Huser, Martina Dostalova, Martina Szypulova, Ivan Horvath
In terms of full disclosure, we have chronicled complications associated with the surgery. Regarding peri- and postoperative complications, only one (2.1%) serious perioperative issue was reported during the study. In this case, iatrogenic urinary bladder injury was intraoperatively identified. The injury was immediately treated during the operation using a double-layer suture. A Foley catheter was inserted and left in the bladder for 10 days. This injury was subsequently registered as a 4AT1S2 complication in accordance with the Prosthesis/Graft Complication Classification Code (Haylen et al. 2011). No other perioperative complication was recorded. Postoperative complications were noted in four cases (10.3%), where implant protrusion was the issue. In three cases (7.7%), implant exposure was an accidental finding without any clinical symptoms. Therefore, no surgical procedure was necessary, as conservative therapy proved sufficient. All three cases were rated grade II employing the Clavien-Dindo classification system and registered as 2AaT4S1 using the Prosthesis/Graft Complication Classification Code. In one instance (2.6%), implant protrusion caused subjective difficulties during intercourse and was remedied using a minimally invasive surgical approach with protruding implant excision and subsequent reconstruction of the vaginal wall. This case was rated Clavien-Dindo grade IIIb with complication classification code 3BcT4S1.
Induction of bacterial cystitis in female rabbits by uropathogenic Escherichia coli and the differences between the bladder dome and trigone
Published in Ultrastructural Pathology, 2021
Manal A. Othman, Hicham M. Ezzat, Diaa E.E. Rizk, Amer H. Kamal, Ali E. Al-Mahameed, Ammar M. Marwani, Khalid M. Bindyna, Stefano Salvatore
Light microscopic evaluation of the general morphology of the urinary bladder was performed on paraffin-fixed tissues from the urinary bladder dome – an area representing the upper part of the urinary bladder – and the trigone of the urinary bladder – the area located in the posterior aspect of the lower segment of the bladder between the two ureteric orifices and the urethra. The specimens were processed and stained with hematoxylin & Eosin (H& E). Histological slides were examined and photographed by a light microscope (Axio Scope A1, Carl Zeiss Microscopy, Germany) connected to a camera. Samples were processed for SEM after being fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde then washed in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer and post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide for 2 hours. Alcohol was used for dehydration and liquid carbon dioxide for drying the specimens. Dried specimens were mounted on aluminum stubs and sputter coated with gold. A SEM JEOL (J.S.M-5400 LV, Japanese Electron Optic Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan) was used to examine the specimens. Photographs from all groups were taken at 15 KV.