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Testicular cancer
Published in Anju Sahdev, Sarah J. Vinnicombe, Husband & Reznek's Imaging in Oncology, 2020
In a proportion of cases (∼2%), a first-degree family member is also affected with the disease. The relative risk to a brother of a GCT case is 8–10 (6). This is higher than for most other cancer types where the relative risk rarely exceeds 4, and suggests that predisposition genes are important in this disease (6). Testicular microlithiasis has been associated with an increase in risk of testicular cancer, though the precise relationship remains to be determined. Testicular microlithiasis is present at a higher frequency in relatives of GCT cases than expected by chance, indicating that testicular microlithiasis is a familial risk factor for testicular GCT (TGCT) (7).
Testicular Cancer
Published in Manit Arya, Taimur T. Shah, Jas S. Kalsi, Herman S. Fernando, Iqbal S. Shergill, Asif Muneer, Hashim U. Ahmed, MCQs for the FRCS(Urol) and Postgraduate Urology Examinations, 2020
Nkwam Nkwam, Chitranjan J. Shukla, David A. Manson-Bahr, Taimur T. Shah, Farooq Khan
With regards to germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS) of the testis, which of the following is TRUE?The incidence is approximately 5%.The progression rate to carcinoma is approximately 15% over 5 years.Testicular microlithiasis is an independent risk factor.If diagnosed on biopsy of remaining testis post-orchidectomy for testis cancer, the mainstay of treatment would currently involve radiotherapy, which does not impact on endocrine function.If diagnosed on biopsy of remaining testis post-orchidectomy for testis cancer, the mainstay of treatment would currently involve radiotherapy, which does not impact on fertility.
Reproductive system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
Figure 8.39a shows testicular microlithiasis, or microcalcification, visible as tiny hyperechoic (bright) areas throughout the testicular tissue. This condition may be associated with various chromosomal aberrations, or possibly with testicular cancer.
Multiparametric ultrasonographic analysis of testicular tumors: a single-center experience in a collective of 49 patients
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Urology, 2020
Vincent Schwarze, Constantin Marschner, Bastian Sabel, Giovanna Negrão de Figueiredo, Julian Marcon, Michael Ingrisch, Thomas Knösel, Johannes Rübenthaler, Dirk-André Clevert
Evaluation of morphological features of the testicular tumors in native B mode included: location, size, shape and echogenicity of the tumors and testicular microlithiasis. Vascularization was evaluated using Color Doppler and CEUS. Additional elastographic evaluation, either by shear wave elastography (SWE) or strain elastography (SE), was performed in each case. For assessing tissue stiffness by SE, repeated compression and decompression of the testis by the probe was performed. In strain elastography stiffness of malignant and benign lesions and surrounding testicular parenchyma were visualized by color coding in real-time. Stiffness was classified as ‘hard’, ‘soft’ or ‘equivalent’ compared to surrounding parenchyma. In SWE, a 3 mm diameter region-of-interest (ROI) was placed in the longitudinal plane in native B-mode into the testicular lesions and surrounding parenchyma. At least three shear wave velocity (SWV) measurements were performed in each examined case.
Metastatic seminoma presenting as neck and axillary lymphadenopathy in an elderly man
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2023
Binoy Yohannan, Allen Omo-Ogboi, Johncy John Kachira, Syed H. Jafri
Seminoma is the most common (74%) malignant GCT in elderly men.3,4 The histological variants of seminoma include classic (85%), anaplastic (5% to 15%), and spermatocytic seminoma, with the latter more common in the elderly.3 The differential diagnosis of an elderly man with cervical lymphadenopathy includes lymphoma, metastatic head and neck cancer, metastatic cancer from the aerodigestive tract, and infection. Testicular neoplasms usually present as a painless mass in the testicle or with a secondary hydrocele. Occasionally, the primary testicular GCT may be absent due to spontaneous regression or “burnt-out primary,” which is well recognized, and the only manifestation may be testicular microlithiasis.5
A Review of History and Challenges of Evidence-Based Pediatric Surgery
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2022
George Vaos, Anastasia Dimopoulou, Nick Zavras
A systematic review of the world literature confirmed that pediatric testicular microlithiasis is rather a benign condition and there is no evidence to recommend testicular biopsy or orchidectomy in children with testicular microlithiasis [78].