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Embryology, Anatomy, and Physiology of the Bladder
Published in Karl H. Pang, Nadir I. Osman, James W.F. Catto, Christopher R. Chapple, Basic Urological Sciences, 2021
Allan Johnston, Tarik Amer, Omar Aboumarzouk, Hashim Hashim
Micturition:Contraction of the bladder.Relaxation of the urethral sphincter.
Nucleic Acids as Therapeutic Targets and Agents
Published in David E. Thurston, Ilona Pysz, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs, 2021
The main systemic toxicity associated with thiotepa is bone marrow suppression (i.e., myelosuppression) leading to leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia. Systemic absorption can also occur during bladder instillations leading to similar systemic side effects but at a reduced level compared to systemic administration. Local adverse effects on the bladder can also occur, such as micturition disorders and reduction in bladder capacity. Thiotepa is also teratogenic and embryotoxic in animals, so contraception is required during treatment and breastfeeding should be discontinued.
Basic medicine: physiology
Published in Roy Palmer, Diana Wetherill, Medicine for Lawyers, 2020
Urine is collected into the renal pelvis on each side, which in turn is connected by means of a long tube (the ureter) to the bladder. The function of the bladder is to store urine until a convenient moment for micturition (voiding), and then to expel the urine via the urethra by contraction of the powerful muscle in its wall. As with defaecation, this process requires relaxation of the normal sphincter mechanism that guards against incontinence. Micturition is under the influence of the autonomic nervous system, with an over-riding control by the cerebral cortex.
Foreign body granuloma development after calcium hydroxylapatite injection for stress urinary incontinence: A literature review and case report
Published in Arab Journal of Urology, 2023
David A. Csuka, John Ha, Andrew S. Hanna, Jisoo Kim, William Phan, Ahmed S. Ahmed, Gamal M. Ghoniem
Additionally, we wish to draw attention to a post approval clinical trial of CaHA conducted between 2008 and 2015, which has since remained unpublished outside of FDA-mandated reporting requirements due to an agreement between the investigators and corporate sponsor [10]. The study is the largest ever of CaHA with 298 patients completing the full 36-month study duration, most of whom received one or two injections. The adverse event rate was alarmingly high, at 35.5% of patients for serious adverse events and 53.6% of patients for other (excluding serious) adverse events. The most common cases were urinary tract infection, urge incontinence, urinary retention, and micturition urgency. Stamey grade and quality of life scores both displayed a trend of sharp improvements from baseline to 6 months followed by an even plateau to the end of the study.
The effects of gestational diabetes on lower urinary tract symptoms of pregnant women: a case-control study
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Adem Yavuz, Semra Kocaöz, Pınar Kara, Emre Destegül
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) include specific pathological conditions such as bladder and pelvic floor dysfunction and cystitis (Harlow et al.2018), and are classified under three main headings as storage, excretion and post-void symptoms. In the storage phase of the bladder, LUTS is seen as urinary incontinence (UI), frequency, urgency, nocturia, nocturnal enuresis and bladder tenderness. Symptoms such as weak, bifurcated and intermittent urination, difficulty or hesitancy in urination, and dribbling (or drop-by-drop) urination due to slow flow in the last stage of urination, may occur during the excretion phase of the bladder. Post-void symptoms are incomplete bladder emptying (urinary retention) and dribbling after micturition. In addition, LUTS include symptoms related to sexual intercourse and pelvic prolapse, as well as genital and lower urinary tract pain (Abrams et al.2003).
A rapid systematic review of postpartum bladder care guidelines and recommendations in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Olga Divakova, Demetri Panayi, Zainab Khan, Stergios K. Doumouchtsis
Calgary Health Region’s Policy and Procedures (2001) characterises acute urinary retention by the following clinical presentations:catheterisation of the bladder within the first 24 h postpartum for not voiding within 6 h postpartum;micturition often in small amounts;having an urge to micturate but the inability to do;catheterisation for any reason for an amount of 500 ml output within the first 24 h postpartum. The presence of a painful, palpable, or percussible bladder in a patient who is unable to pass any urine is the definition of acute urinary retention proposed by the International Continence Society in 2003 (Abrams et al. 2003).