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The Extra-Pleural and Pleural Spaces, including Plombages, Pleural Tumours and the Effects of Asbestos.
Published in Fred W Wright, Radiology of the Chest and Related Conditions, 2022
Chylothorax. - this can arise in several ways: Trauma, including surgical trauma, to the thoracic duct, but there is often a delay of a few weeks before a chylothorax develops.Obstruction of the thoracic duct, or thoracic lymphatic malformations, lymphangiectasis, lymphangioleiomyomatosis, hygromas, lymphocoeles or the 'yellow nail syndrome' (with leaky lymphatics). Neoplasm is an uncommon cause, except with lymphomas, probably because of the large number of collateral pathways in the mediastinum, and also from its tendency to cause more obstruction to the lymphatic drainage to the lungs, than to the thoracic duct. Obstruction to this is seen with parasites (loa loa and filariasis) or from lymphomas, and these may also cause chyluria.
How should aggressive chyloreflux (e.g., chyluria, chyloascites, chylothorax, chyle leakage) be handled?
Published in Byung-Boong Lee, Peter Gloviczki, Francine Blei, Jovan N. Markovic, Vascular Malformations, 2019
Cristobal M. Papendieck, Miguel Amore
The term chylous reflux represents the abnormal direction of the chyle flow, either backward (backflow) or forward through other directions (diverted flow), thus appearing in various conditions of chylorrhea (chyle leakage) through the fistulas (lymphangiectasia), through capillary microcystic malformations (lymphangiomatosis), or through mesothelium (pleura, peritoneum) or epithelium (intestinal mucosa, skin), or as a collection in cavities. Most commonly, chyle leakage is into the peritoneal cavity (chylous ascites) or pleural space (chyloperitoneum). But the leakage also results in chyluria (chyle in the urine), chyloptysis (chyle in the sputum), chylopericardium, or cutaneous chyle leakage1, 2 (Figures 71.1 through 71.4).
Lymphatic disorders
Published in Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie, Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery, 2018
Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie
Filariasis is the most common cause, with chyluria occurring in 1-2% of cases 10-20 years after initial infestation. It usually presents as painless passage of milky white urine, particularly after a fatty meal. The chyle may clot, leading to renal colic, and hypoproteinaemia may result. Chyluria may also be caused by ascariasis, malaria, tumour and tuberculosis. Intravenous urography and/or lymphangiography will often demonstrate the lymphourinary fistula. Treatment includes a low-fat and high- protein diet, increased oral fluids to prevent clot colic, and laparotomy and ligation of the dilated lymphatics. Attempts have also been made to sclerose the lymphatics either directly or via instrumentation of the bladder, ureter and renal pelvis.
A risk prediction model of urinary tract infections for patients with neurogenic bladder
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2021
Wenqiang Wang, Peng Xie, Jing Zhang, Wenzhi Cai
Urine is a kind of liquid excrement discharged from the body through the urinary system and urinary tract for metabolism. Urine can not only regulate the balance of water and electrolyte, eliminate metabolic waste, but also reveal many diseases. Close monitoring the changes of components of urine can be a method for early detection of UTI. Urine PH value reflects the kidney’s ability to regulate acid-base balance. The body can discharge many acidic and alkaline substances through urine to maintain acid-base balance. In this study, Urine pH > 7 is a risk factor for UTIs, and gets the risk score of graded 85 points in prediction of UTI (Figure 1, Tables 3 and 4). To some extent, the detection of LEU can determine whether there is inflammation or infection in patients. In this study, LEU> 54.35/μL is a risk factor for UTIs (p < 0.001, Table 3), and gets the risk score of graded 100 points in prediction of UTI (Table 4). When UTI occurs, most of the urine is alkaline. The precipitation of urate、phosphate and carbonate, UTI and chyluria make the urine turbid. The most common pathological cause of urinary turbidity is UTI. In this study, Urine clarity (CLA) is associated with UTIs in univariate analysis, but multivariate analysis finds no significant correlation (Tables 3 and 4).
Hemolymphangioma invasion of R scapula and mediastinum: a rare case report
Published in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2022
Qianqian Ying, Shengzhi Cui, Kai Zhou, Ying Chen, Peng Wei, Qidong Ye
Hemolymphangioma is a rare congenital benign tumor composed of dense fibrous tissues, and forms bands between many vascular spaces. It invades the subcutaneous fat and involves blood and lymphatic vessels.7,8 Besides, it is common in the neck, head, or gastrointestinal tract. Only 49 cases were found in PubMed databases (English articles) using the keyword “hemolymphangioma”. Sztaba et al. reported the first hemolymphangioma case in 1965 in an infant.9 Hou et al. reported a hemolymphangioma case involving bones and internal organs,6 where hemolymphangioma invaded the bones and bladder of a patient with an 8-year history of chyluria and hematuria.
Evaluation of lymphatic filariasis in endemic area of Brazil where mass drug administration is not required
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2019
Ellyda Silva, Amanda Xavier, Elis Silva, Walter Barbosa Júnior, Abraham Rocha, Vania Freitas, Paula Oliveira, Ana Maria Aguiar-Santos, Cristine Bonfim, Zulma Medeiros
All participants answered a questionnaire containing the following variables: age, sex, time of residence, previous use of DEC, and signs and symptoms of filarial disease. Individuals with any complaint of lymphedema, acute dermatolymphangioadenitis (ADLA), hydrocele, and chyluria were considered symptomatic[26].