China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Patient autonomy and criminal law
Published in Paweł Daniluk, Patient Autonomy and Criminal Law, 2023
Another criminal offence that ensures the criminal protection of the patient's autonomy from unwanted medical activities is the illicit transplantation of a part of the human body.61 These are incriminations that seek to suppress various activities and procedures related to transplantation as a recognised method of treatment. Transplantation involves taking parts of the human body from one living or dead person and transplanting them to the body of another person. Transplantation has become a recognised mode of treatment, and its importance is particularly reflected in circumstances where there are no other more effective treatments. This new method of treatment, which has been used more and more frequently in recent years, also requires special regulations, bearing in mind the danger of various abuses related to transplantation. Organ and tissue transplantation in B&H is regulated by entity laws, with the difference that, in the FB&H,62 a single law has been adopted to address this issue, while in the RS63 there are two special laws regulating human organ transplantation, on the one hand, and human tissue and cell transplantation, on the other.
The Role of the Mortuary
Published in Jason Payne-James, Suzy Lishman, The Medical Examiner Service, 2023
Organ donation can occur in a number of ways. Consent to donate organs is obviously paramount and is, again, regulated under the HTA licence for each trust that performs them. Consent is usually obtained from the deceased's next of kin by a specialist nurse – organ donation (SNOD) team in an acute trust setting. The donation or retrieval of organs is generally performed in a hospital operating theatre at the point of legally recognised death. The donor may be heart-beating but clinically ‘brainstem’ deceased or ventilated, and clinically deceased. In such cases, whole organs such as the heart, lungs and liver may be retrieved for transplantation. If the cause of death is deemed to be unnatural, the coroner will also have to give consent for any retrieval based on the possibility of loss of pathology or findings at any subsequent post-mortem required.
Miscellaneous Drugs during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
Among more than 800 pregnancies (from seven reports) after renal transplantation, there were 0.5 percent maternal deaths, 6–8 percent miscarriages, 12–20 percent therapeutic abortions, 1 percent stillbirths, and 2 percent neonatal deaths (Hou, 1989; Radomski et al., 1995). Three first-line medications are used to prevent rejection following renal transplantation: corticosteroids, azathioprine, and cyclosporine. Corticosteroid, cyclosporine, azathioprine, and tacrolimus therapy have been discussed earlier.
Examining the Performance of the MMPI-2-RF in a Sample of Pretransplant Military Veterans
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2023
Samuel Hintz, Jacob A. Finn, Rebecca L. Emery Tavernier, Ivy Miller, Kelly M. Moore, Mira Leese, Paul A. Arbisi
Organ-specific subsamples were identified to explore potential differences related to organ transplantation type. Only liver (n = 66), kidney (n = 88), and bone marrow (n = 62) groups were analyzed. Heart (n = 17), lung (n = 10), and combined heart and lung (n = 2) groups were determined to be too small for comparative purposes. Using these organ-specific subsamples, means and standard deviations were calculated for the MMPI-2-RF scales. Two multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) procedures were used to determine if mean scale scores were significantly different by organ group: one for Validity Scales and one for substantive scales. If the MANOVA model was significant (p < .05), then individual scale mean score differences were examined. For an individual scale mean score difference to be significantly different, a p-value of < .001 was required. Partial η2 was calculated as an effect size for statistically significant individual scale mean score differences. Guidelines for η2 interpretation were used: from .010 to .059 were considered small effect, .060 to .137 were considered medium effect, and larger than .137 were considered large effect (Cohen, 1988).
The healthcare resource utilization and costs of chronic lung allograft dysfunction following lung transplantation in patients with commercial insurance in the United States
Published in Journal of Medical Economics, 2022
Ajay Sheshadri, Naomi C. Sacks, Bridget Healey, Phil Cyr, Gerhard Boerner, Howard J. Huang
HRU and costs, the study’s primary outcomes, were calculated on a monthly basis for each patient before and after their index date. Each patient’s pre-index period started no earlier than the 12 month anniversary of lung transplant and ended at the date of index CLAD diagnosis. Each patient was followed for as many months as they were observable after their index CLAD diagnosis. Consequently, the actual time period before index CLAD diagnosis varied for each patient, since initial CLAD diagnosis could occur at any point one year post-transplantation. The actual time following CLAD diagnosis also varied, as patients were lost to follow-up at different time-points. Since follow-up time could vary, and severe cases of CLAD might be associated with lower costs or HRU due to early death, costs and HRU were calculated on a monthly basis following diagnosis. The costs associated with lung transplantation can be substantial, seeing costs increase with higher lung allocation scores15. A 2019 study using US electronic medical records reported that total costs of transplantation, including the transplant episode and one year of follow up, could range from $280,485 to $512,14415. Consequently, costs and HRU in the first year after transplantation were excluded, as they could reflect costs and HRU associated with the transplantation (Figure 1(B)).
Beyond medicines’ barriers: exploring the true cost of multiple myeloma
Published in Journal of Medical Economics, 2022
Mimi Choon-Quinones, Tamás Zelei, Mike Barnett, Paul Keown, Brian Durie, Zoltán Kaló, Tímea Almási, Jean-Luc Harousseau, Dirk Hose
Optimizing MM treatment pathways may translate, most importantly, into increased patient survival and quality of life but also into decreased societal burden. Several studies addressed the question of how to optimize the treatment pathway to expand from traditional inpatient care to outpatient or even home-based strategies when possible. It was concluded that these approaches have the potential to generate cost savings for the healthcare system and at the same time improve the patient experience by allowing more time to be spent with the family18–24. As an example, Holbro et al.18 investigated the cost-effectiveness of outpatient autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in MM patients compared to usual inpatient setting. Authors found that the total cost of care was 62,259 CAD and 42,737 CAD in inpatient and outpatient ASCT, respectively. The cost of hospitalization related to the transplantation accounted for 41.9% of total costs in case of the inpatient setting, while the costs directly related to the outpatient ASCT procedure accounted only for the 6.1% of total costs, which is substantially lower.