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The Aortic Valve
Published in Theo Kofidis, Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery, 2021
Giovanni Domenico Cresce, Loris Salvador
Another controversy relates to the morbidity associated with peripheral cannulation. Murzi et al. [3] have shown that it may cause wound infection, pseudoaneurysms and neurological events, because the retrograde perfusion is an independent risk factor for neurological complications such as stroke and postoperative delirium. To avoid these complications, they suggest to cannulate the ascending aorta, which allows a more direct and physiological flow. The central cannulation is not feasible with our endoscopic approach. However, in our series we did not notice an increased neurological risk.
Non-heart-beating donors
Published in Wickii T. Vigneswaran, Edward R. Garrity, John A. Odell, LUNG Transplantation, 2016
David Gómez de Antonio, Jose Luis Campo Cañaveral de la Cruz, Lucas Hoyos Megía, Daniel Valdivia Concha, Andrés Varela de Ugarte
If the donor fulfills the acceptance criteria, recipient anesthesia is started and graft procurement is carried out in the standard fashion. Retrograde perfusion through the pulmonary veins is advisable at any time and is usually performed at the back table.8,52
Metabolism of Glutamine and Glutamate in the Liver — Regulation and Physiological Significance
Published in Elling Kvamme, Glutamine and Glutamate in Mammals, 1988
A different approach to this problem was employed by Häussinger86 using the perfused rat liver. During perfusion in the physiological direction from the portal vein to vena cava (“antegrade perfusion”), substrates in the perfusion medium encounter the periportal region of the parenchyma first. During perfusion in the reverse direction (“retrograde perfusion”) substrates are initially presented to the perivenous region. If the distribution of enzymes involved in particular metabolic pathways is not homogeneous throughout the liver, differences in the pattern of metabolism may be expected on reversal of the direction of perfusion.
Cardioprotective effects of Galium verum L. extract against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2020
Jovana Bradic, Nevena Jeremic, Anica Petkovic, Jovana Jeremic, Vladimir Zivkovic, Ivan Srejovic, Jasmina Sretenovic, Stevan Matic, Vladimir Jakovljevic, Marina Tomovic
A day after accomplishing 28-day drinking protocol after a short-term ketamine/xylazine-induced narcosis, rats were sacrificed by decapitation. The chest was then opened via midline thoracotomy. The hearts were immediately removed and immersed in cold saline and were then attached on a cannula of the Langendorff perfusion apparatus to provide retrograde perfusion under constant coronary perfusion pressure CPP = 70 cmH2O. Krebs–Henseleit buffer was used for retrograde perfusion (in mmol/l: NaCl 118, KCl 4.7, CaCl2.2H2O 2.5, MgSO4.7H2O 1.7, NaHCO3 25, KH2PO4 1.2, glucose 11, and pyruvate 2). The buffer was balanced with 95% O2 and 5% CO2, with a pH of 7.4 and a temperature of 37 °C. After placing the sensor in the left ventricle, the following parameters of myocardial function have been continuously measured: maximum rate of pressure development in the left ventricle (dp/dt max), minimum rate of pressure development in the left ventricle (dp/dt min), systolic left ventricular pressure (SLVP), diastolic left ventricular pressure (DLVP), and heart rate (HR). Coronary flow (CF) was measured flowmetrically.
Application of ethyl cinnamate based optical tissue clearing and expansion microscopy combined with retrograde perfusion for 3D lung imaging
Published in Experimental Lung Research, 2020
Quanchao Sun, Tiziana Picascia, Arif ul Maula Khan, Cinzia Brenna, Vincent Heuveline, Anja Schmaus, Jonathan P. Sleeman, Norbert Gretz
In our retrograde perfusion protocol, we perfuse the mice via abdominal aorta to keep thoracic cavity intact, the most critical factor to maintain negative pleural pressure that ensures lung expanded, through the whole process.22 A compressor and a syringe pump provide a stable perfusion pressure. Furthermore, after perfusion, the cervical part of trachea was isolated and ligated with a suture to avoid lung to collapse before opening thoracic cavity to extract the lungs. Based on the images of perfused lungs in Figure 2, 3 and Supplementary Figure 2, we demonstrated that lung morphology is pretty well preserved by our retrograde perfusion protocol combined with trachea ligation. The retrograde perfusion protocol also allows collecting all the other organs, which is consistent with animal protection welfare principles (3 R). Additionally, dyes can be infused to enable the in-situ staining of all organs at one time.
Gene therapy to terminate tachyarrhythmias
Published in Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 2022
Kohei Kawajiri, Kensuke Ihara, Tetsuo Sasano
The intracoronary approach is the most common approach used in clinical trials of cardiac gene therapy in humans [67]. Recent studies have demonstrated that it is relatively safe to selectively administer vectors from coronary arteries to the entire heart or coronary artery dominant regions [29,34]. However, several studies have suggested that vectors remain in the coronary circulation for only a short time [68,69]. Retrograde perfusion through the coronary vein is also utilized for gene delivery [70]. Simultaneous infusion of adenovirus vector through the coronary artery and vein showed high efficiency of gene transduction in the target area of the heart [71].