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Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer
Published in Pat Price, Karol Sikora, Treatment of Cancer, 2020
Irene De Francesco, Sean Whittaker, Stephen L. Morris
There are many treatments for actinic keratosis and Bowen’s disease. Cryosurgery is the most common treatment. Curettage and cautery may be used, particularly where diagnosis is in doubt to obtain histology. Topical treatment with 5-FU is a convenient and cosmetically acceptable treatment, the most common regimen being daily application of cream to the area for 4 weeks. The skin becomes inflamed, and the patient will experience pain, pruritus, and burning at the site, which sometimes extends to other subclinical areas of actinic damage.50 There are successful reports of new topical targeted treatments, such as imiquimod, which induce an innate immune response via one of the Toll-like receptors.51 For extensive Bowen’s disease not treatable by simple topical treatment and too extensive for surgery, RT is a very successful treatment, with similar regimens to those used for SCC described later.52 Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a further option for extensive Bowen’s disease, particularly on the lower limbs.53
Cryosurgery of the retina
Published in A Peyman MD Gholam, A Meffert MD Stephen, D Conway MD FACS Mandi, Chiasson Trisha, Vitreoretinal Surgical Techniques, 2019
Ingrid Kreissig, Harvey A Lincoff
In the last 30 years, the indications for cryosurgery have increased. Cryosurgery has been applied for: prophylactic treatment of retinal breaksretinal breaks combined with segmental bucklinga retinal break combined with a temporary balloon bucklesupplemental peripheral retinal ablation (pancryocoagulation) in the photocoagulated diabetic eyetreatment of threshold retinopathy of prematuritydestruction of selected intraocular tumors (e.g. retinoblastoma and angioma).
Surgery
Published in John Melford, Pocket Guide to Cancer, 2017
Cryosurgery has been used to treat skin lesions for approximately 100 years. Despite the name, it is not surgery as it is commonly perceived. Cryosurgery involves the use of very cold temperatures to rapidly freeze and thaw colonies of abnormal cells to destroy them. It can readily be used to manage benign, premalignant, and malignant skin lesions. Following treatment, damaged areas heal naturally as normal cells grow to replace the ones that have been killed. Crusts form on wounds that peels off after a week or two, without the need for any further specialist attention.
A review on the efficacy and safety of iodine-125 seed implantation in unresectable pancreatic cancers
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2020
Sheng-Nan Jia, Fu-Xing Wen, Ting-Ting Gong, Xin Li, Hui-Jie Wang, Ya-Min Sun, Ze-Cheng Yang
Cryosurgery/cryoablation is one of the techniques in which a very low temperature is employed to induce the killing of cancer cells (He et al. 2017). However, the major limitation of this therapy is that all cells are not destroyed, particularly in the border zone, where temperature is more than −20 °C. These scientists attempted to complement the cryosurgery with 125I seed implantation for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. In 49 patients, the combination was shown to increase the median survival duration to 16.2 months. In these patients, the 6-, 12-, 24- and 36-month survival rates were 94.9%, 63.1%, 22.8% and 9.5%, respectively (Xu et al. 2013a). Another study has shown the efficacy of the combination of cryosurgery and 125I seed implantation in the treatment of stage IV pancreatic cancer (Chen et al. 2012).
Treatment of molluscum contagiosum with an East Indian sandalwood oil product
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2018
Molluscum contagiosum is a common skin condition seen primarily in children. The lesions appear as umbilicated papules and may occur anywhere on the body. The lesions are typically asymptomatic but may be pruritic and, depending on location, may be unattractive and embarrassing. It is caused by a DNA poxvirus and is spread by contact with the affected area or with fomites used by the infected person (1). The natural course of the disorder is for spontaneous resolution to occur, typically over a 6- to 18-month period (2). While the rash generally resolves without treatment, this prolonged period and other factors will often lead patients to seek more expedient treatment. Unfortunately, molluscum rash is hard to eradicate, and available treatments are generally not satisfactory and are typically painful. One study found the most effective in-office treatment to be curettage (3) which has potential to leave scars as well as being painful. Cryosurgery is another uncomfortable alternative. Cantharidin is the most common in-office treatment, but it and other preparations using salicylic acid or potassium hydroxide commonly have stinging, burning and pain associated with their use (3). In addition, cantharidin is typically not used on the face or near the eyes. Over the counter treatments intended for use at home include topical retinoids and imiquimod but their efficacy is also limited. A Cochrane review found there is no evidence to show that any particular treatment is effective for the treatment of molluscum infection (4). An effective, painless topical treatment suitable for use on the body or face for molluscum infections would meet the needs of many people who suffer with these conditions.
Effective treatment of disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis with chemical peels – customary treatment for a rare disease
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2020
Berenice M. Lang, Adriane Peveling-Oberhag, Sebastian Zimmer, Joanna Wegner, Anna Sohn, Stephan Grabbe, Petra Staubach
Frequently misdiagnosed as chronic UV-damage or actinic keratoses, patients are treated over years with different therapeutic options, often with little effect. Current treatment options include topical, physical, and systemic therapies. Imiquimod, ingenol mebutate, diclofenac, and retinoids are used as topical agents. Cryosurgery and lasers are common physical methods for treatment. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) may be applied either with red light lamps or with daylight. Retinoids are used systemically in severe cases. Due to the rareness of the disease, an approval of regulatory authorities does not exist for either one of the mentioned therapies and no evidence-based standard treatment is available (7).