China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Operation Theatre: Design and Sterilization
Published in Pradeep Venkatesh, Handbook of Vitreoretinal Surgery, 2023
Strict asepsis is a hallmark of all modern-day surgeries. Asepsis and sterile surgical technique remain the pillars for protecting the patient and for rendering the most satisfactory result from surgical intervention. Aseptic technique is constituted by the series of practices employed to prepare the environment, the personnel, and the patient, since it is near impossible to sterilize these. Practices employed to prepare the instruments, supplies, and other inanimate objects used during surgery are designated as sterile technique. The former decreases or abolishes the pathogenic load, while the latter clears all living organisms in both the vegetative and spore state. Previously, sterilization was considered an absolute process by which all micro-organisms were destroyed. This is, however, impossible because micro-organisms die logarithmically. A practical definition implies reduction of micro-organism load to a level below that required to cause infection.
Infection prevention and control
Published in Nicola Neale, Joanne Sale, Developing Practical Nursing Skills, 2022
Aseptic technique describes a series of activities that are used to ensure that susceptible sites are not contaminated by microorganisms when undertaking invasive procedures, using sterile devices and carrying out wound care. The correct use of an aseptic technique ensures that non-sterile items are prevented from coming into contact with sterile or susceptible sites.
Ethics and Regulations for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals
Published in Yuehuei H. An, Richard J. Friedman, Animal Models in Orthopaedic Research, 2020
Alison C. Smith, Richard T. Fosse, Warren K. Ramp, M. Michael Swindle
The USDA regulations and the guide address issues specific to protocols which involve surgery. The USDA regulations require that all survival surgery be performed using aseptic procedures and techniques. They further specify that major operative procedures on non-rodent species may be performed only in dedicated facilities maintained under aseptic conditions. Minor surgical procedures and survival surgery on rodents do not require dedicated facilities, but must be performed using aseptic procedures. The guide makes similar recommendations, but recognizes that modifications to aseptic procedures may be appropriate for certain surgical procedures in rodents. The USDA regulations describe aseptic procedures to include the use of surgical gloves, masks, sterile instruments, and aseptic techniques. The guide gives a similar description of aseptic technique but elaborates specific practices involved in its application.
Potential clinical value of catheters impregnated with antimicrobials for the prevention of infections associated with peritoneal dialysis
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Hari Dukka, Maarten W. Taal, Roger Bayston
PD fluid is commercially supplied in bags, which come connected to a Y-shaped giving set. The patient manually connects the short arm of the Y connector to the PD catheter. The other arm of the Y-shaped giving set is attached to an empty dialyzate bag (Figure 2). A small volume of dialysis fluid is drained directly from the new bag into the empty bag and in principle this flushes away any bacteria at the end of the catheter. This has been named the ‘flush before fill’ technique. After this, the dialysate in the peritoneal cavity from the previous exchange is drained out into the empty bag. Once this process is finished, fresh dialysis fluid is infused into the peritoneal cavity via the PD catheter after clamping the long arm of the Y connector, which leads to the bag that now contains drained dialysate. The ‘flush before fill’ technique has been shown to reduce peritonitis rates [11]. Patients are trained to follow strict hand hygiene and to follow an aseptic technique while performing exchanges to reduce the risk of infections.
The impact of supportive care on survival in large animal models of total body irradiation
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2021
Karla D. Thrall, Saikanth Mahendra, Jamie Lovaglio, M. Keven Jackson
Vascular access port (VAP) implant procedures were adapted from a technique described by Moroni et al. (2011c). Briefly, minipigs were anesthetized with ketamine (33 mg kg−1 subcutaneous (SC)) and acepromazine (1.1 mg kg−1 SC), then intubated and maintained on isoflurane (1.5-3%) anesthesia. Venous access was established with a 22-gauge intravenous catheter placed in the lateral saphenous or auricular vein. Pre-operatively, all minipigs received a single dose of ampicillin (6 mg kg−1 intravenous (IV)) and buprenorphine (0.05 mg kg−1 intramuscular (IM)). Intra-operatively, all minipigs received lactated ringers solution at a rate of approximately 5–10 ml kg−1 h−1 through the intravenous catheter. Strict aseptic technique was utilized throughout the surgical procedure.
Preparation, characterization, and in vitro/vivo evaluation of dexamethasone/poly(ε-caprolactone)-based electrode coatings for cochlear implants
Published in Drug Delivery, 2021
Yanjing Luo, Anning Chen, Muqing Xu, Dongxiu Chen, Jie Tang, Dong Ma, Hongzheng Zhang
Eighty healthy rats (6 weeks old, 200–250 g each) were used as experimental animals. The protocol was approved by the Laboratory Animal Ethical Committee of Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, and the experiment was conducted according to the committee guidelines. All the coatings samples (0.5*1 cm) were sterilized by soaking in 75% alcohol for 2 h, then by ultraviolet radiation. The rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium, and their backs were shaved. Then they were sterilized with 75% alcohol and iodine scrubs. Two paravertebral incisions (about 2 cm each) per rat were made ∼1 cm lateral to the vertebral column to expose the dorsal subcutis. Then subcutaneous pocks were created by blunt dissection. Each individual pocket held one coating sample. And the incisions were closed with surgical sutures. All surgeries were carried out in an aseptic field by using the aseptic technique. A total of samples 112 samples (n = 4 for each experimental group) for each of the coatings were implanted.