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Botulinum toxin practical skills
Published in Michael Parker, Charlie James, Fundamentals for Cosmetic Practice, 2022
There are two forms of asepsis used in health care: surgical and medical. The key difference between these two strategies to minimise infection is that in surgical asepsis, the intention is to remove microorganisms from an area such as an operating theatre, whereas medical asepsis focuses on minimising the number and preventing the spread of microorganisms. Surgical asepsis is essentially a sterile technique, utilising technology such as the use of laminar flow in orthopaedic surgery. It is not practical to create or maintain surgical asepsis outside of a designated operating theatre, and subsequently the vast majority of clinic-based cosmetic procedures are practised under medical asepsis.
Infection prevention and control
Published in Nicola Neale, Joanne Sale, Developing Practical Nursing Skills, 2022
Aseptic technique describes a series of activities that are used to ensure that susceptible sites are not contaminated by microorganisms when undertaking invasive procedures, using sterile devices and carrying out wound care. The correct use of an aseptic technique ensures that non-sterile items are prevented from coming into contact with sterile or susceptible sites.
The immune and lymphatic systems, infection and sepsis
Published in Peate Ian, Dutton Helen, Acute Nursing Care, 2020
Michelle Treacy, Caroline Smales, Helen Dutton
In an attempt to reduce the incidence of sepsis, effective infection control policies need to be in place, with infection control teams available to support this. Previously in this chapter, we discussed how nurses have a major role in maintaining asepsis and reducing the incidence of cross-infection in health care settings. Preventing contamination of vulnerable patients, ensure invasive catheters are promptly removed when not required, and provide optimal respiratory management, including routine oral care for patients. All of these interventions help contribute towards minimising infection (WHO 2018).
Potential clinical value of catheters impregnated with antimicrobials for the prevention of infections associated with peritoneal dialysis
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Hari Dukka, Maarten W. Taal, Roger Bayston
PD fluid is commercially supplied in bags, which come connected to a Y-shaped giving set. The patient manually connects the short arm of the Y connector to the PD catheter. The other arm of the Y-shaped giving set is attached to an empty dialyzate bag (Figure 2). A small volume of dialysis fluid is drained directly from the new bag into the empty bag and in principle this flushes away any bacteria at the end of the catheter. This has been named the ‘flush before fill’ technique. After this, the dialysate in the peritoneal cavity from the previous exchange is drained out into the empty bag. Once this process is finished, fresh dialysis fluid is infused into the peritoneal cavity via the PD catheter after clamping the long arm of the Y connector, which leads to the bag that now contains drained dialysate. The ‘flush before fill’ technique has been shown to reduce peritonitis rates [11]. Patients are trained to follow strict hand hygiene and to follow an aseptic technique while performing exchanges to reduce the risk of infections.
Subcutaneous injections: A cross-sectional study of knowledge and practice preferences of nurses
Published in Contemporary Nurse, 2023
Özlem Fidan, Arife Şanlialp Zeyrek, Sümeyye Arslan
Ensuring asepsis and antisepsis of the sites of administration sites for prevention of infection is critical (WHO, 2010). While more than half of the nurses indicated that they provided antisepsis on the site before subcutaneous injection, the others stated that they cleaned it either sometimes or not at all. A study from India reported that 72.42% of the individuals giving themselves insulin injections did not clean the site before the injection (Gawand et al., 2016). Turaç and Ünsal (2018) stated in their study that although 84.9% of the nurses stated that the use of disinfection of the injection site is always necessary, 69.7% of the nurses do not disinfect the injection site. Erek Kazan and Görgülü (2009) states that the nurses wipe the area with alcohol but do not wait for the alcohol to dry. According to a review examining the clinical efficacy of skin preparation before the injections, it is unclear whether skin cleansing is necessary or not (Dulong et al., 2020). According to Theofanidis (2017), nurses disinfect the skin before insulin injections as a longstanding medical ritual, despite the lack of evidence on the need for disinfection. At this point, the differences in the literature may have affected the practices of nurses.
Feasibility of a break-in period of less than 24 hours for urgent start peritoneal dialysis: a multicenter study
Published in Renal Failure, 2022
Xi Wen, Liming Yang, Zhanshan Sun, Xiaoxuan Zhang, Xueyan Zhu, Wenhua Zhou, Xiaoqing Hu, Shichen Liu, Ping Luo, Wenpeng Cui
A study using only APD as the initiating dialysis modality revealed no difference in infectious complications between a BI < 24 h and a BI > 12 days [23]. Using multiple logistic regression for our data, we calculated that a BI ≤ 24 h was not a significant risk factor for infectious complications when compared with a BI > 24 h after adjusting for confounding factors. In addition, as the use of HD catheters would also affect infection rates, we could still conclude that a BI ≤ 24 h was not a significant risk factor for infectious complications for patients who did not receive temporary HD, after adjustment of confounding factors. We believe our findings may also be more reliable as both APD and CAPD were used to initiate dialysis. All five centers included in our study had extensive experience with PD. Therefore, the incidence of infectious complications could also have been reduced by improved aseptic operation and patient education, as supported by the findings of report by Figueiredo et al. [39].