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Affirm Recovery
Published in Sandra Rasmussen, Developing Competencies for Recovery, 2023
Tertiary prevention includes those preventive measures aimed at rehabilitation following a significant illness. At this level, health practitioners work to retrain, re-educate, and rehabilitate the individual who has already had an impairment or disability.
Trauma, PTSD, Substance Use, and Neuroscience
Published in Tricia L. Chandler, Fredrick Dombrowski, Tara G. Matthews, Co-occurring Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders, 2022
Tom Alexander, Mary C. Hoke, Karlene Barrett, Tricia L. Chandler
Primary prevention provides public education and the involvement of other health and social disciplines in addressing at-risk populations. For example, enabling medical professionals to screen for family substance use and educate families on risk factors is a preemptive step. With the raising of the level of awareness in communities, the vision is to facilitate positive attitudes and behaviors that prevent the onset of drug use. Secondary prevention utilizes early intervention strategies. In terms of ACE, strategies include educating parents, health-care providers, and communities regarding the impact of adversity on children and providing supportive resources to improve parenting and caregiving. Tertiary prevention involves treatment and rehabilitation of family members who are abusing substances, as well as children who are exposed to or have experienced these adversities.
COVID-19 and Global Public Goods
Published in Rui Nunes, Healthcare as a Universal Human Right, 2022
To promote health, prevent disease, and restore health, a distinction is classically made between primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. On the one hand, interventions with broad social and economic reach that, by themselves, affect the health of a population. Policies promoting healthy lifestyles, such as prevention of smoking, drug addiction, alcoholism, or the use of masks and social etiquette, fall within this concept of primordial prevention. On the other hand, primary prevention targets individuals or the general population and aims to reduce the incidence of the disease. COVID-19 vaccination or health education are concrete examples of this type of social prevention. Secondary prevention uses, for example, screening for a disease (COVID-19 mass testing) to detect the disease early, with important impacts on its prevalence and associated morbidity and mortality. Tertiary prevention aims to limit the development of a disease, prevent or minimize its complications, and promote family, social, and even labor reintegration. Quaternary prevention aims to reduce the risk of iatrogenic and inappropriate use of medications. It is a model in which 4P medicine (predictive, preventive, participated, and personalized) combines the different existing technological resources to obtain the best health outcomes. COVID-19 is a good example of how 4P medicine can be socially and individually useful.
A systematic mapping of substance use, misuse, abuse and addiction prevention research: current status and implications for future research
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2020
Isabella Pistone, Agneta Blomberg, Morten Sager
Prevention interventions are typically categorized in primary-, secondary- and tertiary prevention. Primary prevention aims to prevent disease before it ever occurs. This is done by preventing exposure to hazards that cause disease, altering unhealthy or unsafe behaviors. Examples of primary prevention interventions are legislation and enforcement to control substance use. Secondary prevention intervention target groups at risk or subsets of the general population such as children of drug users, i.e., education interventions or screening and brief advice (Nehlin Gordh, 2012). Tertiary prevention aims to soften the impact of an ongoing illness after diagnosis, prevent relapse or focus on rehabilitation. The lines between the different approaches are far from distinct, as is that of prevention and treatment (Ali & Katz, 2015).
Child Sexual Abuse Victimization Prevention Programs in Preschool and Kindergarten: Implications for Practice
Published in Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 2019
Megan Manheim, Richard Felicetti, Gillian Moloney
In an attempt to combat this issue, the U.S. began implementing child sexual abuse prevention programs in the 1980s (Wurtele & Owens, 1997). The programs are constructed with the idea of educating children, parents, and the community about CSA before it occurs (Anderson, Mangels, & Langsam, 2004). Miller-Perrin and Wurtele (1988) believed these programs fell into three distinct categories: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary prevention attempts to provide children with safety information and skills. Secondary prevention efforts include educating professionals on CSA and how to recognize it. The tertiary prevention involves therapeutic interventions. Many programs until this time have been directed at adults and focused on the prevention of child abuse/neglect/mistreatment (Wurtele & Owens, 1997). Unlike these programs, many CSA prevention programs have targeted children, usually in school-like settings (Wurtele & Owens, 1997). One of the issues with these programs is that many were researched in the 1990s, and have been examined very minimally since (see Kenny, 2009). This article presents an overview of the research regarding preschool and kindergarten-based CSA prevention education programs, and offers recommendations for improvements to existing and future programs.
Limitations in the Prediction of Mass Violence: Cautionary Tales
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2018
The summary report of the American Psychological Association panel presents three levels of these prevention efforts, conceptualized as taking place on primary, secondary, and tertiary levels. Primary prevention (also called universal prevention) consists of efforts to promote healthy development in the general population. Examples would be a curriculum to teach children nonviolent conflict resolution methods or programs to reduce children's exposure to violence in TV, films, and video games. Secondary prevention (also called selective prevention) involves assistance for individuals who are at increased risk for violence. Examples could include providing timely and effective mental health services to individuals experiencing mental illness or restrictions on the sale of guns to individuals with histories of involuntary inpatient psychiatric commitments. Finally, tertiary prevention (also called indicated prevention) consists of intensive services for individuals who have engaged in some degree of aggressive behavior and could benefit from efforts to prevent a recurrence or escalation of aggression. Examples here might include providing comprehensive sex offender treatment programs for individuals convicted of sex offenses and developing programs to rehabilitate juvenile criminal offenders.