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Mental Health in Lifestyle Medicine
Published in Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra, Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
One reason why lifestyle medicine approaches are especially important for people with mental health conditions, and especially serious mental illnesses, is that these people consistently have higher morbidity and mortality than the general population, mostly due to cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease, diabetes, and respiratory disorders. Although genetic predisposition does contribute to the risk for certain physical health problems, modifiable lifestyle and environmental factors such as cigarette smoking, obesity, poor diet, and physical inactivity also play a prominent role (Li et al., 2020). It is important for nurses and healthcare professionals to recognize that the majority of premature and excess deaths in people with psychiatric illnesses are often not caused by the psychiatric illnesses themselves but are due to chronic, preventable, lifestyle-related medical conditions, such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (Malhi, 2012). It holds true that what is good for the body is good for the brain, and since mental illnesses are brain disorders, it stands to reason that lifestyle medicine interventions are an essential component of the overall treatment of mental health conditions.
Data and Picture Interpretation Stations: Cases 1–45
Published in Peter Kullar, Joseph Manjaly, Livy Kenyon, Joseph Manjaly, Peter Kullar, Joseph Manjaly, Peter Kullar, ENT OSCEs, 2023
Peter Kullar, Joseph Manjaly, Livy Kenyon, Joseph Manjaly, Peter Kullar, Joseph Manjaly, Peter Kullar
Otosclerosis is the commonest cause of progressive hearing loss in younger adults in the UK. There is a genetic predisposition although not all those with the disease have an affected family member or offspring. The diagnosis is made clinically: The diagnosis is made clinically, typicality an adult presenting with progressive conductive or mixed hearing loss, combined with normal otoscopy. A CT scan may help to rule out alternative causes of conductive hearing loss. Tuning fork tests also add clarity to the assessment and compliment audiometry, especially in bilateral cases where audiometric masking can prove challenging. Treatment options consist of a conventional hearing aid, stapes surgery or a bone conduction device/implant if the first two options are unacceptable. In very advanced cases, cochlear implantation may be necessary. Stapes surgery is the only option for restoring natural acoustic hearing levels. This involves fitting prosthesis between the incus and a fenestration in the stapes footplate. This carries a 0.5%–1% risk of profound sensorineural hearing loss and concurrent infection is a contraindication to surgery. Caution may also be taken in the scenario of an only-hearing ear.
The Immune System in Cutaneous Disease: the Search for a Mouse Model of the Immunopathology of Psoriasis
Published in John P. Sundberg, Handbook of Mouse Mutations with Skin and Hair Abnormalities, 2020
Susan F. Grammer, J. Wayne Streilein
Psoriasis is a disease which manifests itself in a variety of forms. Some types of psoriasis seem to have a genetic component;28 through family studies it has been determined that at least two genes must be involved. Genetic predisposition does not necessarily mean an individual will express the diseased phenotype; however, it is believed that environmental factors also play a major role. In addition to keeping in mind the multiple variations on the disease when studying psoriasis, it is also important to remember that the manifestations of the disease will vary depending on the stage of lesion formation or resolution.
Kidney microbiota dysbiosis contributes to the development of hypertension
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Xin-Yu Liu, Jing Li, Yamei Zhang, Luyun Fan, Yanli Xia, Yongyang Wu, Junru Chen, Xinyu Zhao, Qiannan Gao, Bing Xu, Chunlai Nie, Zhengyu Li, Aiping Tong, Wenjie Wang, Jun Cai
Our study has several limitations. First, we only examined samples from SHRs with essential hypertension and found IgA-coated bacteria or L-forms, which were confirmed in biopsy samples from patients with essential hypertension. In a rat model of secondary hypertension, deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats and Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats (SSR) remain to be determined. SSR is a typical model of secondary hypertension caused by the interaction between a high-salt diet (environmental factor) and genetic factors. A high-salt diet inevitably leads to high osmolarity in the gastrointestinal tract, which is conducive to the translocation and colonization of L-forms. Similarly, essential hypertension is also characterized by a genetic component that interacts with environmental risk factors including diet. Possibly, genetic predisposition alone may not play as great a role as is currently believed. The kidney microbiome, could be a factor independent of host heredity, and is transmitted from parents. Second, the data based on live bacteria detected in the kidney from 4-week-old SHRs with normal BP and TBWF intervention reconstructing hypertensive renal flora to lower blood pressure suggest that kidney microbiota dysbiosis is the cause rather than the result of hypertension. However, we could not confirm the bacterial species that promote the occurrence and development of hypertension.
Acute orbital inflammation with loss of vision: a paradoxical adverse event associated with infliximab therapy for Crohn’s disease
Published in Orbit, 2022
David R. Jordan, John S. Y. Park, Danah Al-Breiki
PAEs are generally uncommon and often reported as isolated case reports or case series.3–5,9–20 The majority appear between 1 month and 1 year of initiation of the anti-TNF-α agent but may occur during the 1st day of treatment or several years later.7 The etiology of these PAEs is not entirely clear.1,3,6,7,43 Biologic actions of TNF-α include activation of several proinflammatory cytokines, synthesis of acute-phase reactants, cellular recruitment, monocyte and macrophage activation, prostaglandin secretion, apoptosis, as well as many other functions.1 Anti-TNF-α agents will alter these various actions and the hypothesis of an imbalance in the cytokine milieu is suggested for the etiology of most PAEs with a shift in the cytokine profile that favors the onset of another inflammatory process which subsequently manifests as a PAE.1,3,4,8,44 There may be a dose related effect as there appeared to be in our patient with an increased dose of infliximab followed by the PAE described.6,7 The patient’s genetic predisposition as well as other comorbidities and environmental factors may also play a role.4
Treatment challenges in adult female acne and future directions
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2021
Edileia Bagatin, Marco Alexandre Dias da Rocha, Thais Helena Proença Freitas, Caroline Sousa Costa
A question had been raised: what is the meaning of this elevated prevalence, in adult women, in the last decades? A major search for medical care related to increasing concern about beauty or perfect skin or it represents a real higher incidence? About the second hypothesis, which are the causes? In 1999, a study pointed out that adult women with acne reported the disease also in relatives after adolescence [9]. The genetic predisposition is involved. In addition, there is an increasing discussion about many other triggering and aggravating factors [10]. One study considered that in the modern lifestyle the women have been accumulating many activities and socioeconomic pressures, leading to high level of stress, tiredness and sleep deprivation [11]. The occidental diet with high glycemic level, skimmed cow’s milk and derivatives ingestion and oral supplements containing whey proteins and leucine 1 influence lipogenesis pathways [by a decrease in expression of the forkhead fox O1 (FoxO1) and an increase of mammalian or mechanistic target of rapamycin complex (mTORC-1) transcription factors], enhance sebum production, and can trigger or worsen AFA [12–14]. Other triggering and aggravating factors from the environment, known as exposome, include pollution, smoking, cannabis consumption, excessive sun exposure, occupation, and excessive use of cosmetics [15–20].