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Tinnitus
Published in Alexander R. Toftness, Incredible Consequences of Brain Injury, 2023
(STORY 2) A celebrity who has been vocal about tinnitus is William Shatner, who has spoken about how on the set of Star Trek he acquired tinnitus after finding himself too close to a special effects explosion (Shatner, 2012). He described the condition as being “tormented” by “screeching” inside of his own head. He coped by using a white noise machine to mask the noise, and has since found his condition much improved. In one informal interview in 2013, an internet commenter wrote to Shatner that “sleeping with a fan helps,” suggesting a common coping mechanism—a rotating fan that blows air and generates white noise to mask the tinnitus—but Shatner either mistakenly or intentionally took the comment as a flirty double entendre (Burlingame, 2017). Shatner is a supporter of the American Tinnitus Association, which raises money and awareness for tinnitus.
Considerations for Assessment
Published in Christopher J. Nicholls, Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Children and Adolescents, 2018
It is important for the clinician to ask themselves how long of a testing session should be utilized, to maximize the individual’s capacity for full engagement with testing. Although it may be convenient for us to perform an entire assessment battery across the course of a full, 8-hour day, such extended testing sessions may overtax the patient’s resources and produce unreliable/invalid findings, as compared with a process of breaking the assessment up into several shorter segments of time, which might result in more accurate measurement. Many other conditions must be addressed in determining the appropriateness of an evaluation and include environmental factors such as ambient noise, lighting, temperature of the room, and size of the table and chair utilized. Asking a small child to sit in an adult chair, where their feet do not hit the ground, adds complications to an assessment of their fine motor control, since many of their postural muscles must be utilized simply to keep them upright in the chair. Asking an individual to pay attention in an environment where there is significant background noise may also compromise the accuracy of the findings obtained. It is generally better to find some small and quiet room in which to perform testing, as opposed to testing in a school cafeteria or other noisy and active environment. Sometimes clinicians can use simple environmental modification, such as the use of a white noise machine to mask background noise, or more substantial strategies, such as putting up sound-absorbing panels in rooms within which testing frequently occurs. Maximizing the comfort of the child while reducing distractions and competing stimuli will help the clinician obtain the most reliable and valid findings.
Differences between adult and adolescent male mice in approach/avoidance and expression of hippocampal NPY in response to acute footshock
Published in Stress, 2021
Mariana A. Cortes, Katelynn M. Corder, Lynn E. Dobrunz
The OF test (OFT) was used as to measure locomotor activity 8 days after footshock exposure, and 1 h after completion of EPM. The OFT apparatus is a square (27.9 cm3) box with plexiglass sides consisting of 48 infrared beams and tracking software (Med Associates, St. Albans, VT). All OFT experiments were conducted in a lighted room (∼140 lux) with a white noise machine (∼73 dB). At the beginning of each experiments, each mouse was placed in the same corner of the box. Total ambulatory time and distance were measured in the box for 5 min, and percent time in the center region was calculated. Exclusion criteria for the OF were cage flooding and impairments of the automated tracking software. Two adult control animals were excluded due to these criteria. No animals in the adolescent group were excluded in the OF. OF exposure occurred during the animals’ light phase, between the hours of 11 am and 2 pm.