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Work stress induced chronic insomnia in construction
Published in Imriyas Kamardeen, Work Stress Induced Chronic Diseases in Construction, 2021
Insomnia refers to the inability to obtain adequate, quality sleep and is characterised by the following symptoms (Riba 1993): sleep onset insomnia (difficulty falling asleep)interrupted sleep characterised by frequent wakening during the night and having difficulty to fall back asleepwaking up too early in the morning and not being able to fall back asleepfeeling daytime fatigue.
Sleep and Obesity Prevention in Children and Adolescents
Published in James M. Rippe, Lifestyle Medicine, 2019
Jill Lsbaugh Kaar, Stacey L. Simon
Recommendations for treatment of sleep problems and disorders vary depending on type. Many children and adolescents have poor sleep habits and practices that contribute to insufficient sleep and daytime sleepiness in the absence of a specific sleep disorder or diagnosis. For these youth, sleep hygiene recommendations may help to improve sleep and daytime functioning. Sleep hygiene refers to the habits and conditions that generally promote healthy sleep. Patients with sleep difficulties often engage in sleep-related habits that can inhibit adequate sleep, for example, use of caffeine or other stimulants, in an attempt to increase alertness during the day, can inadvertently reduce sleep drive and prolong sleep onset at night.74 While sleep hygiene is not a stand-alone treatment for insomnia, these strategies are necessary to lay a foundation for healthy sleep practices in children and adolescents. Sleep hygiene recommendations encourage sleep practices that promote sleep, including engaging in a bedtime routine, avoiding electronics at least one hour before bedtime to avoid bright light and stimulation, following a consistent sleep/wake schedule (e.g., not varying bed or wake times by more than two hours throughout the week), and maintaining a quiet, dark, and cool sleep environment. Simultaneously, it is necessary to reduce practices that inhibit sleep, including caffeine consumption, exercise within two hours of bedtime, daytime napping, and an uncomfortable sleeping environment.
Chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis 1
Published in Quentin Spender, Judith Barnsley, Alison Davies, Jenny Murphy, Primary Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2019
Quentin Spender, Judith Barnsley, Alison Davies, Jenny Murphy
The two main strands of the management of CFS/ME target activity and sleep. The two are related because fatigue during the day inhibits activity, which leads to difficulty getting to sleep at night, which results in sleep-onset time becoming later and later (delayed sleep phase), which leads to delayed waking the next morning, and so a vicious cycle develops. Sleep quality is often poor, with frequent waking and difficulty getting back to sleep, as is seen commonly in adolescent depression (this sort of sleep disturbance is one of the overlapping symptoms between the two conditions, and can at times cause diagnostic confusion). Daytime fatigue is exacerbated by inadequate sleep, and the young person often stays up into the early hours of the next morning to extract some value from the day. Thus daytime activity cannot be increased without tackling sleep, but sleep onset and quality may remain a problem while activity levels are very low. SeeFigure 29.1.
Understanding the role of chronopharmacology for drug optimization: what do we know?
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2023
Akio Fujimura, Kentaro Ushijima
Disruption of the circadian clock by travel across time zones can cause jet lag, which is one of the exogenous circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders. Melatonin agonists are available for the treatment of insomnia characterized by difficulty with sleep onset in patients with jet lag [101]. In one study, subjects with a history of jet lag-induced sleep difficulty were allocated to receive ramelteon, a MT1, MT2, and MT3 agonist, at doses of 1, 4 or 8 mg or to receive placebo [102]. Ramelteon 1 mg was found to reduce sleep latency in comparison with placebo. In another study, healthy subjects with experimentally induced jet lag were allocated to receive tasimelteon, a MT1 and MT2 agonist, at a dose of 20, 50 or 100 mg or to receive placebo [103]. All doses of the drug significantly reduced sleep latency and improved sleep efficiency. Therefore, melatonin agonists are effective for the treatment of sleep problems in subjects with jet lag.
Sleep is something, not nothing: an interprofessional approach to sleep assessment and treatment to support substance use recovery
Published in Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions, 2023
Jennifer Gardner, Margaret Swarbrick, Robert H. Kitzinger
Sleep disorders are disorders that involve the quality, quantity and timing of sleep (APA, 2022; American Sleep Association, 2022). Sleep disorders include insomnia disorders, sleep related breathing disorders, hypersomnolence disorders, circadian rhythm sleep or wake disorders, parasomnias, sleep related movement disorders and any other sleep disorder (APA, 2022). Insomnia disorder is the most common sleep disorder that is characterized by dissatisfaction with sleep quantity or quality associated with difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep, as well as early morning waking (APA, 2022). While some individuals with substance use disorders may be diagnosed with one or more of the outlined sleep disorders, the authors have observed that sleep disturbance is more common of an experience for those who are seeking services. Sleep disturbance, in the context of this manuscript, can be viewed in more symptom-related context, which may include physiological, emotional and behavioral impairments. Frequently reported sleep disturbance symptoms, in the authors’ experience, include but are not limited to, difficulty falling and staying asleep, worry about sleep onset and ability to remain asleep, irritability, racing thoughts, staying up late into the night, discomfort and pain associated with withdrawal symptoms, engaging in too much screen time before bed, difficulty creating new or revised sleep schedules and nightmares/bad dreams.
Behavioral assessment and faded bedtime intervention for delayed sleep-onset in an adult with autism spectrum disorder
Published in International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 2022
James K. Luiselli, Jill M. Harper, Matthew Leach, Kerrianne J. Murphy, Katherine Luke
From the perspective of clinical practice, it appears that faded bedtime has good generality and can be recommended as an empirically supported intervention for delayed sleep-onset in children, youth, and adults who have ASD and intellectual disability. Establishing control over delayed sleep-onset by adjusting time to bed is a relatively facile stimulus-change procedure that most care providers should be able to implement efficiently in multiple settings. For persons whose delayed sleep-onset is influenced by several variables or if faded bedtime alone is not fully effective, other methods that focus on good sleep hygiene practices and function-based intervention procedures can be added (Jin et al.2013, McLay et al.2019, Sanberg et al.2018, van Deuers et al.2019).