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Psychiatric Disorders
Published in Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss, Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss
Additional disorders falling into the realm of this area include eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia (which are discussed in the chapter on nutrition); sleep disorders such as Kleine-Levin syndrome (recurrent periods of prolonged sleep), hypersomnia (excessive sleeping), narcolepsy, and somniloquy (sleepwalking); and compulsive behaviors such as kleptomania (stealing) or pyromania (setting fires).
ISQ – Behavioral sydromes
Published in Bhaskar Punukollu, Michael Phelan, Anish Unadkat, MRCPsych Part 1 In a Box, 2019
Bhaskar Punukollu, Michael Phelan, Anish Unadkat
True – Klein–Levin syndrome is a rare condition characterized by periodic episodes of hypersomnia (each lasting for one or several weeks) intervened by periods of normal sleep. It first appears in adolescence, usually in boys, and is accompanied by bulimia, apathy, irritability, confusion, depression, disorientation and memory impairment during wakeful periods. It is not classified as either an eating disorder or a sleep disorder. It is considered likely to be a neurological syndrome and is believed to reflect a frontal lobe or hypothalamic disturbance. The syndrome is self-limited and remission occurs in most cases by age 40.
Disorders of brain structure and function and crime
Published in John C. Gunn, Pamela J. Taylor, Forensic Psychiatry, 2014
Pamela J Taylor, John Gunnm, Michael D Kopelman, Veena Kumari, Pamela J Taylor, Birgit Völlm, Mairead Dolan, Paul d‘Orban, John Gunn, Anthony Holland, Michael D Kopelman, Graham Robertson, Pamela J Taylor
Sleep disorders, according to both major systems for classifying diseases (DSM and ICD) are broadly of four types – those secondary to organic brain dysfunction such as narcolepsy or the Kleine–Levin syndrome, those intrinsic to major mental disorders such as schizophrenia or depression, dyssomnias, in which the main disturbance is in the amount, quality or timing of sleep, and the parasomnias, in which abnormal events sometimes occur during sleep. Sleep disorders of organic origin are rare. The Kleine–Levin syndrome is particularly rare, but of interest here because it affects young men and behaviour disorders may accompany the core features of excessive sleepiness and, often, over-eating. Its cause is unknown, and the evidence base for treatment slight (Oliveira et al., 2009).
Sexual Behaviors and Sexual Health of Sexsomnia Individuals Aged 18–58
Published in International Journal of Sexual Health, 2021
Sinem Cankardas, Carlos H. Schenck
Sexsomnia needs to be differentiated from the following conditions: (i) Sleep-Related Epileptic Seizures, with a broad array of sexual behaviors during sleep being documented by vPSG/extended EEG monitoring during epileptic seizures (Schenck et al., 2007; Voges et al., 2019). (ii) Sleep-Related Dissociative Disorders, with sexual behaviors emerging from EEG wakefulness during the sleep period (Schenck et al., 1989; 2007); (iii) sleep exacerbation of Persistent Sexual Arousal Syndrome (Wylie et al., 2006; 2008); (iv) hypersexuality often found with the Kleine-Levin Syndrome (periodic hypersomnias), and other sleep-related conditions, as reviewed (Schenck et al., 2007). Finally, sexsomnia needs to be distinguished from other sexual arousal disorders that emerge during wakefulness, but at times with nocturnal wakeful manifestations that could be confused with sexsomnia, in particular the paraphilias, involving frotteurism, exhibitionism, fetishism, masochism, sadism, etc. (Wylie et al., 2008).
The clinical characteristics of Kleine–Levin syndrome according to ethnicity and geographic location
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2018
Saad M. Al Shareef, Aljohara S. Almeneessier, Richard M. Smith, Ahmed S. BaHammam
Kleine–Levin syndrome (KLS) is a rare (about two cases per million in Western populations [1]), relapsing-remitting, debilitating sleep disorder that primarily affects adolescents and young adults [2]. Patients with KLS experience alternating periods of normality and hypersomnia that last one to several weeks and that are accompanied by cognitive, behavioral and psychiatric disturbances [2]. Kleine [3] first described two adolescent boys with recurrent hypersomnia, hyperphagia and cognitive disturbances in 1925, and Lewis [4] and Levin [5] described similar cases soon after. Critchley and Hoffmann [6] coined the eponymous KLS in 1942 when they described two naval personnel with periodic somnolence and ‘morbid hunger’.