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Sleep–Wake Disorders
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Margaret Kay-Stacey, Eunice Torres-Rivera, Phyllis C. Zee
Some subjective measurement of sleepiness, such as the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (an eight-item questionnaire to assess subjective sleepiness, score range 0–24, normal < 10)28 should be obtained. Some other potentially useful questionnaires include the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Beck Depression Inventory, Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), and Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Questionnaire.29 One or more of these tools can be applied during treatment to assess outcomes.
Answers
Published in Andrew Schofield, Paul Schofield, The Complete SAQ Study Guide, 2019
Andrew Schofield, Paul Schofield
Classically, obstructive sleep apnoea affects overweight, middle-aged men. It is often their partner that is most concerned, as they witness the apnoeic episodes. They often give a long history of snoring, but may complain of feeling increasingly tired, or falling asleep, during the day. Relaxation of the muscles responsible for maintaining the airway during sleep causes occlusion of the airway, resulting in apnoeic episodes. Each time this happens, the patient is woken from sleep due to hypoxia. This may happen hundreds of times per night, but occurs for such a short period of time they are unaware of it. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale is a questionnaire that helps determine the degree of sleepiness during the day, asking the likelihood that the patient would fall asleep in a number of everyday scenarios. Sleep studies are ultimately used to confirm the diagnosis, requiring evidence of at least 15 apnoeic/hypopnoeic episodes per hour of sleep. Simple management strategies include sleeping more upright, losing weight and avoiding alcohol/tobacco. If these fail, CPAP increases the pressure in the pharynx, helping to maintain the airway during sleep. This, however, is poorly tolerated in a number of patients.
Disorders
Published in Jonathan P Rogers, Cheryl CY Leung, Timothy RJ Nicholson, Pocket Prescriber Psychiatry, 2019
Jonathan P Rogers, Cheryl CY Leung, Timothy RJ Nicholson
Investigations for sleep disorders may include a collateral history (e.g. from a bed partner), a sleep diary or polysomnography. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale is a useful way of screening for excessive daytime sleepiness: 0–5 is low-normal, 6–10 is high-normal, 11–12 is mild, 13–15 is moderate and 16–24 is severe.
Physical activity and sleep quality correlations with anthropometric measurements in young adults
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2023
Ashley Y. Kim, John H. Gieng, Shiho Osako Luna, Kasuen Mauldin
The Epworth Sleepiness Scale is a validated, self-rated questionnaire that evaluates participant daytime sleepiness.35 There are eight questions, with a range of 0–3 for each question to provide a total Epworth Sleepiness Scale score range between 0–24. A total score >10 indicates significant daytime sleepiness.35 Participants completing the survey are asked how likely they are to fall asleep in situations such as sitting and reading or as a passenger in the car for an hour without a break.27 Psychometric analyses of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale questionnaire has confirmed its validity and reliability,39–41 and a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.70 has been reported for the Epworth Sleepiness Scale questionnaire.38 The Epworth Sleepiness Scale questionnaire has been widely used in research and has been translated into 52 languages.35
Can we put the first night effect to bed? An analysis based on a large sample of healthy adults
Published in Chronobiology International, 2022
Madeline Sprajcer, Charlotte Gupta, Gregory Roach, Charli Sargent
Prior to the study, participants completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (Johns, 1991), and the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (Horne and Ostberg 1975) to assess daytime sleepiness and chronotype, respectively. The average daytime sleepiness score was 12.5 ± 3.2 on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Of the sample, 10.5% were categorised as ‘moderately morning’; 70.2% were categorised as ‘neither morning or evening,’ 18.5% were categorised as ‘moderately evening,’ and less than 1% were categorised as ‘definitely evening’ based on responses to the Morningness Eveningness Questionnaire. Participants were also asked to report their typical sleep timing. On average, participants went to bed at 23:19 ± 00:08 h, woke at 08:15 ± 00:25 h, and obtained 7.9 ± 1.0 h of sleep. Participants were also asked to maintain a regular sleep schedule prior to study commencement (bedtimes between 10:00pm – 12:00am; wake times between 07:00am – 09:00am).
Time preference of headache attack and chronotype in migraine and tension-type headache
Published in Chronobiology International, 2019
Hee-Jin Im, Seol-Hee Baek, Chang-Ho Yun, Min Kyung Chu
Information of sleep onset time and sleep end time on workdays and on free days was obtained for each participant. The average weekly sleep duration was calculated as a weighted value, based on weekdays and weekends, as follows: (5 × sleep duration on workdays + 2 × sleep duration on free days)/7. Chronotype was estimated by using the midpoint of sleep on free days and corrected for catch-up sleep (Roenneberg et al. 2004). We estimated the midpoint of sleep on free days, corrected for sleep extension on free days (MSFsc), as an indicator of chronobiological preference, the so-called “chronotype”. The MSFsc was calculated as follows: MSFsc = the midpoint of sleep on free days − 0.5 × (sleep duration on free days – the average weekly sleep duration) (Roenneberg et al. 2004). Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index with a score >5 indicating poor sleep quality (Buysse et al. 1989). Excessive daytime sleepiness was defined as an Epworth Sleepiness Scale score >10 (Johns 1991). Insomnia was evaluated using the Insomnia Severity Index with a score >14 indicating moderate-to-severe insomnia (Bastien et al. 2001).