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Anatomy
Published in Alison Edwards, Antenatal Midwifery Skills, 2020
Three layers:the endometrium, which becomes the decidua in pregnancy.the myometrium: three layers of muscles (longitudinal, circular and oblique). The muscle has the unique ability to contract and retract (the fibres shorten in length) to enable birth to take place.the perimetrium.
Anatomy and physiology
Published in Suzanne Everett, Handbook of Contraception and Sexual Health, 2020
The fertilised ovum enters the uterus five to six days after ovulation and four days after fertilisation and embeds in the endometrium, where it will continue to grow and develop as the foetus. The uterus is pear shaped and consists of two parts: the corpus or body, and the cervix. The body is the upper two thirds and is 5 cm long and is usually anteverted and anteflexed, which means it is tilted forwards. The fundus is the uppermost rounded aspect of the uterus and lies above where the uterine tubes are inserted; this area is called the cornua. The isthmus is 7 mm and is situated at the junction of the uterus and the cervix. The wall of the uterus is made of three layers: the inner layer is the endometrium, the middles muscular layer is called the myometrium and the outer cover of peritoneum is called the perimetrium. The uterus has three important functions: firstly to receive the ovum, secondly to provide an environment for the growth and development of the foetus and finally to expel the foetus and placenta when the pregnancy is complete.
Regulation of Reproduction by Dopamine
Published in Nira Ben-Jonathan, Dopamine, 2020
The human uterus is a hollow muscular organ with two special properties—(1) great distensibility, enabling it to markedly expand to accommodate a full-term baby, and (2) a strong contractile capability for a forceful expulsion of the baby during delivery. The wall of the uterus is made of three layers: the outermost perimetrium, which protects the uterus from friction; next to it is the myometrium, which contains several muscle layers; and the innermost layer is the endometrium. The latter is made of a columnar epithelial tissue embedded with exocrine glands, and a highly vascularized connective tissue. Both endometrium and myometrium are sensitive to sex steroids and their structure and functions depend greatly on the hormonal milieu.
Efficacy of polyvinylpyrrolidone-capped gold nanorods against 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced oviduct and endometrial cancers in albino rats
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2023
Hend Gamal, Walid Tawfik, Hassan H El-Sayyad, Heba Mohamed Fahmy, Ahmed N. Emam, Heba A El-Ghaweet
Several layers were visible including perimetrium, myometrium with aberrant thickness and endometrium with leukocytic infiltration. The observed results above for the oviduct have been supported by an increase in the immunohistochemical reactivity of the apoptosis marker caspase-3 and the proliferative activity marker Ki-67 [31,32]. All layers showed improvement following treatment with PVP-capped AuNRs. Also, the current study observed increased uterine levels of caspase-3 immunohistochemistry and Ki-67, which is also employed as a possible lively intermediary or replacement marker for therapy success signaling the activation of uterine wall damage. In the current investigation, PVP-capped AuNRs in the oviduct and endometrium of female rats subjected to DMBA carcinogenesis had a protective effect.
Factors influencing intraoperative blood loss and hemoglobin drop during laparoscopic myomectomy: a tailored approach is possible?
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Giovanni Delli Carpini, Stefano Morini, Dimitrios Tsiroglou, Valeria Verdecchia, Michele Montanari, Valentina Donati, Luca Giannella, Luca Burattini, Stefano Raffaele Giannubilo, Andrea Ciavattini
In the case of intramyometrial injection of epinephrine, the procedure was the first step of the intervention. It entailed the intramyometrial injection of the solution through the uterine perimetrium on the edge of the fibroid’s capsule. The infiltration solution was composed of epinephrine diluted in 100 ml of saline solution at 0.01 mg/ml (Litta et al. 2010; Song et al. 2015). In the event of multiple fibroids, the infiltration was repeated once for each lesion. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were measured accurately, and an electrocardiogram was performed in each subject 5 min before and after the injection of epinephrine. The choice to perform the intramyometrial injection of diluted epinephrine was made case by case on the basis of the surgeon’s experience and preference.
Uterine dehiscence in pregnant with previous caesarean delivery
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2021
Zhengfeng Zhu, HeZhou Li, JunQing Zhang
Uterine scar dehiscence is a common complication of caesarean delivery, which increases the risk of uterine rupture [1]. Uterine rupture is a complete division of all three layers of the uterus: the perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium; while uterine dehiscence is considered an incomplete division of the three layers, allowing visibility of the foetus through the perimetrium. Uterine dehiscence is often asymptomatic [2]. The caesarean section rate worldwide is high; in Shanghai ofChina, the overall caesarean section rate was reported to be 41.5% [3]. Over the last five decades in the United States, the caesarean section rate has increased mainly between 1970 and 2016 [4]. Cases of underreporting do occur; in one study, the diagnosis of complete uterine rupture was underreported by 35% in their electronic patient record system (EPRS), and diagnosis of uterine dehiscence was missing in 100% of cases [5].