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Contraceptive Intervention
Published in Sujoy K. Guba, Bioengineering in Reproductive Medicine, 2020
Emerging methods of male contraception fall into two broad groups. One approach does not directly affect spermatozoa production and development, but at a subsequent stage (while the spermatozoa is being transported), the functional character is altered and the number passing on to the ejaculatory duct is reduced. There is the possibility of localized intervention with limited systemic effects. The other group of techniques attempt to suppress spermatogenesis and maturation of spermatozoa at the level of the testis and the epididymis. Mostly drugs are used, but there are also some physical techniques under investigation. Androgenic hormonal levels are directly or indirectly affected, and this change can have systemic effects, e.g., reduction in libido.
‘Excellent recipes to keep from bearing children’: restricting fertility, 1500–1800
Published in Angus McLaren, Reproductive Rituals, 2020
Turning to male contraceptive measures we come to a real innovation – the condom. Because of its ultimate importance as a contraceptive device many books on the history of birth control begin with a discussion of the sheath.110 In a study of traditional methods of fertility control it is a moot point, however, as to how much attention should be paid to it. This is not because it was a ‘modern’ device nor because its expense limited its use to the upper classes until the end of the nineteenth century. The objection to including the condom in a discussion of early modern birth control is based rather on the fact that it was originally designed, not to prevent pregnancy, but to protect the male from venereal disease.
Contraception
Published in James M. Rippe, Lifestyle Medicine, 2019
Permanent male contraception can be accomplished as an outpatient procedure. Typical use failure in the first year is 0.15%. Vasectomy should be considered irreversible and permanent. Although the procedure can be reversed with good success, pregnancy rates remain poor, especially as more time has passed since initial sterilization.7
Post vasectomy chronic pain: are we under diagnosing vasitis? A case report and review of the literature
Published in The Aging Male, 2020
Adam Jones, Mahmood Vazirian-Zadeh, Yih Chyn Phan, Wasim Mahmalji
What is unique to this case is that the patient had a reversal of vasectomy and subsequent re-do vasectomy. To our best knowledge, no previous case reports of acute vasitis have had a vasectomy. Vasectomy is one of the most common urological procedures performed, there are around 500,000 performed in the United States each year [5], Trinick et al. [6] reported rates of vasectomy at 34% in patients in their 60s. It is the most effective male contraceptive method and has a success rate of 98% [7]. The procedure is typically performed under local anaesthesia and involves excision of at least 1 cm of the vas deferens. Electrocautery fulguration to the remaining ends of the vas deferens, or placement of sutures, is a technique used to prevent recanalization [5]. Complications associated with vasectomy include infection, symptomatic hematoma, vasectomy failure and post-vasectomy pain syndrome (PVPS) [8].
Dietary fluted pumpkin seeds induce reversible oligospermia and androgen insufficiency in adult rats
Published in Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2019
Rex-Clovis C. Njoku, Sunny O. Abarikwu, Augustine A. Uwakwe, Chidimma J. Mgbudom-Okah, Chioma Yvonne Ezirim
Potent and innocuous forms of contraception suitable for different couples and diverse cultures are crucial for family planning (Chauhan and Agarwal 2010; Plana 2017; Ain et al. 2018). Obviously, numerous fertility control efforts are aimed at women, and men have been asked to share in this responsibility (Amory 2016; Plana 2017). The call for men to be equal partners with women in fertility regulation has been slow due to limited acceptable contraceptive options (Plana 2017). More so, complications associated with existing male contraceptive options such as hormonal imbalance, epididymitis and semen leakage prompted the search for other methods of male contraception (Anawalt and Amory 2001; Kanakis and Goulis 2015; Ain et al. 2018). This led to considerable efforts in the formulations of hormone and non-hormonal dependent male contraceptives. Hormone dependent male contraceptives tend to influence the spermatogenic process via the suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis leading to infertility and reduced sperm count (Meriggiola and Pelusi 2006; Xie et al. 2017). Of these, testosterone enanthate and testosterone undecanoate suppresses the endogenous synthesis of testosterone and reduces spermatogenesis (Kanakis and Goulis 2015). This method was observed to promote undesired side effects such as lowering of high-density lipoprotein, hypertension, weight gain, and cancer (Anawalt and Amory 2001; Nieschlag et al. 2003; Kumar et al. 2012).
Current and future contraceptive options for women living with HIV
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2018
Rena C. Patel, Elizabeth A. Bukusi, Jared M. Baeten
Lastly, as newer contraceptive technologies are being developed, women living with HIV as their potential users should be kept in mind. Ensuring the contraceptive technology does not interfere with HIV treatment and management, is not itself negatively impacted by HIV treatment, and can maximally fulfill these women’s needs for family planning and HIV treatment is important. While the clear target for MPTs is HIV-negative women, to prevent both pregnancy and HIV acquisition, adding the focus of potential use by women living with HIV will only add value to MPTs, though admittedly the development requirements would be different for these two groups of women. The field of contraceptive technology should welcome the development of greater male contraceptive options so as to help alleviate the current large burden of effective contraception on women.