China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Training
Published in Charles Paul Lambert, Physiology and Nutrition for Amateur Wrestling, 2020
Having improved strength is advantageous for wrestlers. Having strength for strengths’ sake (for example, pulling in a double leg takedown, lifting, throws, riding, or getting out from the bottom using a stand-up), and also for improved 4–7 minute high-intensity exercise capacity (Lambert et al. 2013) as strength dictates time to fatigue at this exercise duration, is important for wrestlers of all ages. According to Kraemer and Fleck (1993) strength training can start as young as 7 years of age with emphasis on technique and no progressive overload, except for bodyweight utilized calisthenics. As age progresses, more emphasis can be placed on progressive overload with a continued emphasis on technique. When the child reaches the age of 16 he or she can begin using adult types of resistance training (Kraemer and Fleck 1993).
Key concepts in pulmonary rehabilitation
Published in Claudio F. Donner, Nicolino Ambrosino, Roger S. Goldstein, Pulmonary Rehabilitation, 2020
Felipe V.C. Machado, Frits M.E. Franssen, Martijn A. Spruit
Considered to be the cornerstone of PR (23), multiple studies have demonstrated that exercise training is effective in improving lower-limb muscle function and exercise capacity in COPD (16,24–26) and other chronic respiratory diseases (27–29). Once exercise intolerance or reduced muscle strength is detected, independently of the cause, endurance and resistance training usually can be prescribed. There are other alternative exercise modalities (e.g. water-based training, Nordic walking) that may also be beneficial to some subgroups of patients (30,31). In a comprehensive PR programme, the identification of the most suitable modality of exercise training for each patient is fundamental and still a challenge, since few studies tried to select subgroups of patients with COPD that could better respond from a particular exercise modality based on their initial clinical characteristics (tailored interventions). However, independently of the modality, the general principles of exercise training should be considered and are no different from those for healthy individuals or even athletes, in which application of progressive overload training is essential.
Exercise Prescription for Apparently Healthy Individuals and for Special Populations
Published in James M. Rippe, Lifestyle Medicine, 2019
Given a steady overload, physiological improvement will level off or plateau after a given period of time. The term progressive overload indicates that the training stimulus must continue to increase in order for further improvement to be recognized. The overall training stimulus can usually be augmented by increasing the intensity, duration, and/or frequency of physical activity.
Effects of resistance training and nigella sativa on type 2 diabetes: implications for metabolic markers, low-grade inflammation and liver enzyme production
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2023
Soheila Jangjo-Borazjani, Maryam Dastgheib, Efat Kiyamarsi, Roghayeh Jamshidi, Saleh Rahmati-Ahmadabad, Masoumeh Helalizadeh, Roya Iraji, Stephen M Cornish, Shiva Mohammadi-Darestani, Zohreh Khojasteh, Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani
Subjects of the RN and RP groups performed resistance training 3 days per week for 8 weeks. Each session was comprised of a 10 min warm-up (stretching the upper body and lower body muscles along with brisk movements for increasing the blood circulation), 45 min resistance training and a 10 min cool-down (similar to warm up stretching the upper body and lower body muscles along with slow movements). The resistance training protocol was focussed on the large muscle groups and consisted of the following exercises: leg press, bench press, lat pulldown, seated rowing, shoulder press, abdominal curls, and knee curls. Resistance exercises were performed with 3 sets of 10 to 12 repetitions and loads ranging from 60% to 80% of 1-repetition maximum (1-RM). The 1-RM for each muscle group was determined using a prediction formula by assessing the number of repetitions that the participant was able to complete at submaximal loads. Resistance exercise progression followed the progressive overload principle by alternating increments of the resistance (about 10% of 1-RM every 2 weeks).
EMG median frequency shifts without change in muscle oxygenation following novel locomotor training in individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Donal Murray, Randall E. Keyser, Lisa M. K. Chin, Thomas C. Bulea, Clinton J. Wutzke, Andrew A. Guccione
A detailed description of the OLT program can be found elsewhere [14]. Briefly, the program is a performance-based intervention founded on the principles of adaption and motor learning, consisting of 24 sessions over 12 weeks. Participants underwent two 90-min sessions twice a week separated by at least 48 h. The 24 sessions were reduced to three blocks of 8 sessions focused on four uniplanar (forward) days and four multiplanar days (one session each of backwards walking, lateral stepping, crossover stepping and rotational stepping). During each individual training participants were taken through five distinct segments: joint mobility, volitional neuromuscular activation, task-isolation, task-integration, and activity rehearsal. Progressive overload was achieved by varying the movement complexity, resistance, velocity and volume of the specific task within the session. During OLT, participants performed all activity under full volitional control using only minimal assistance from walkers or walking aids.
Expiratory muscle strength training improves swallowing and respiratory outcomes in people with dysphagia: A systematic review
Published in International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 2019
Marinda Brooks, Emma McLaughlin, Nora Shields
Respiratory muscle strength training is a motor exercise technique where resistive load is increased during inspiration and/or expiration using a pressure threshold device (Sapienza, Troche, Pitts, & Davenport, 2011). The key principle in strength training is progressive overload. Extensive clinical research has been completed in this field, and expiratory muscle strength training is an emerging intervention option for speech–language pathologists working with individuals presenting with acquired motor based communication and/or swallowing impairments that may be related to expiratory muscle weakness. The training aims to increase active expiratory pressure by increasing the ability of the expiratory muscles to generate enough force for adequate ventilation and cough. Research has also demonstrated that during expiratory muscle strength training there is increased and prolonged activation of the suprahyoid muscle group (Wheeler, Chiara, & Sapienza, 2007; Wheeler-Hegland, Rosenbek, & Sapienza, 2008). The suprahyoid muscle group (digastric, stylohyoid, geniohyoid and mylohyoid) is located above the hyoid bone in the neck. These muscles assist in elevating the hyolaryngeal complex and opening the upper oesophageal sphincter during swallowing. These movements are important for airway defence during swallowing and breathing (Wheeler et al., 2007). Expiratory muscle strength training has been shown to increase movement of the hyolaryngeal complex during swallowing and increased opening of the upper oesophageal sphincter (Troche et al., 2010; Wheeler-Hegland et al., 2008).