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Metabolic Bone Disease
Published in John S. Axford, Chris A. O'Callaghan, Medicine for Finals and Beyond, 2023
In metabolic bone disease, the findings of the history and examination vary according to the metabolic bone disease in question (detailed individually in the following pages). In general, people with chronic diseases such as osteomalacia or osteoporosis present with features specific to the musculoskeletal system such as bone pain and deformity (Table 5.1). In contrast, people with disorders of short duration, such as hypercalcaemia of malignancy, tend to present with an acute disturbance in calcium metabolism (Table 5.2 and Table 5.3). Family history may reveal details of rare familial metabolic bone diseases as well.
The Practice of Metabolic Medicine
Published in Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson, Optimizing Metabolic Status for the Hospitalized Patient, 2023
Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson
For example, we were recently asked to begin routine consultations of patients admitted to the hospital with fragility fractures. These patients generally have osteoporosis and would benefit from a metabolic bone disease evaluation and treatment of the underlying condition. The large number of patients admitted with fragility fracture has required us to commit significant resources to these consultations and office follow-up. On the other hand, consultations for conditions such as AIDS wasting syndrome, which was a major workload component in the past, have practically disappeared with advances in antiviral therapy.
Diagnostic imaging
Published in Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie, Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery, 2018
Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie
Plain radiographs should be the first images of patients with metabolic bone disease. They may detect the subperiosteal erosions in hyperparathyroidism or, more commonly, the osteopenia in osteoporosis, but they cannot be used to quantify osteoporosis. The apparent density of the bone on the film is linked to the penetration of the rays, among other variables, as well as to the bone density. If a quantitative method is needed, however, bone mineral density using dual x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is the most accurate and practical. However, fractures will cause erroneously high readings, and they tend to occur in the vertebrae used for DEXA measurements. Quantitative CT is an alternative technique, although this is less readily available. Ultrasound transmission measurement in the extremities has its advocates, as it arguably measures factors that better represent the strength of bone rather than its density. Its limitations are that it cannot be used to study the vertebrae or hip, and these are the sites where osteoporotic fractures occur most frequently. MRI may be useful in detecting fractures and is an essential prerequisite to percutaneous vertebroplasty.
The effect of shock waves on mineralization and regeneration of distraction zone in osteoporotic rabbits
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Enes Özkan, Erman Şenel, Mehmet Cihan Bereket, Mehmet Emin Önger
Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease characterized by a decreased bone mass and bone mineral density, and impaired bone microstructure. It is common, especially among postmenopausal women [1]. Due to these changes in bone structure, certain complications are observed, including susceptibility to bone fractures, delayed fracture healing, and loss of stabilization [2]. Decreased bone mineral density and increased cancellous bone spaces in the jaws of osteoporotic individuals are risk factors for early and late dental implant failure [3]. To prevent complications and reduce mortality and morbidity, standard treatments must be supported by inducing therapies for bone healing [4]. Although research on osteoporotic fractures has focused on preventing bone fractures and preserving the bone structure, little emphasis has been placed on bone healing [5].
Use of zoledronic acid in antiosteoporosis treatment is associated with a decreased blood lipid level in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: a cohort study in China
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2022
Wei Luo, Jin Zhang, Ling Xu, Yao Zhou, Dan Xu, Qiuju Lv, Yi Xiao, Qin Yang
Osteoporosis, a metabolic bone disease, may coexist with other metabolic diseases, such as, obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. This coexistence can be attributed to the common pathogenetic mechanisms or even cross-talk between these conditions and osteoporosis might also exist [6,7]. Menopausal transition also affects the cardiovascular system and body composition with differences in lipid profile. In a hypoestrogenic state, such as postmenopausal status, the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) increases and the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) decreases [8, 9]. Studies have shown that the bone mineral density (BMD) is negatively correlated with serum lipid levels (total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-C) in postmenopausal women [8, 9]. Hyperlipidemia and associated lipid disorders are considered the major causes of cerebrovascular diseases, stroke, atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, and ischemic heart disease [9]. Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS) is a key enzyme that plays an important role in the mevalonate pathway and is responsible for cholesterol synthesis [10,11].
Tetrandrine Attenuates Cartilage Degeneration, Osteoclast Proliferation, and Macrophage Transformation through Inhibiting P65 Phosphorylation in Ovariectomy-induced Osteoporosis
Published in Immunological Investigations, 2022
Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disease with high prevalence (Sotorník 2016). It is characterized by the reduction of bone density and associated with elevated fractures tendency (Alswat 2017). Despite the current therapeutic strategies including estrogen replacement and biophosphonates were effective for osteoporosis, patients suffered from side effects (Asai et al. 2016). Hence, it is vital to explore the promising drugs for osteoporosis. The roles of TET in alleviating Alzheimer’s disease, hepatic failure, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and cancers such as glioma and breast cancer have been investigated in previous studies (Gong et al. 2010; Guo and Pei 2019; He et al. 2011; Ma et al. 2015; Ruan et al. 2013). In addition, TET was proved to suppress osteoclastogenesis (Jia et al. 2018). Thus, we infer that TET may participate in osteoporosis regulation.