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The Role of Physicians in Promoting and Prescribing Increased Physical Activity
Published in James M. Rippe, Increasing Physical Activity, 2020
In addition to aerobic conditioning and musculoskeletal strength training, flexibility training is also recommended by ACSM and it usually involves static activity, where a person holds a stretch for an extended period of time (15 seconds or more). Before and after physical activity, it is also important to warm-up and cooldown. At least five minutes of warm-up and five minutes of cooldown will be helpful in terms of increasing blood flow and body temperature, muscle and connective tissue in warm up, or decreasing these parameters during cool down, thus reducing the chance of injury during vigorous activity. Warm-up and cooldown is less important for moderate intensity physical activity such as walking at 3.5 miles per hour.
Exercise Prescription for Apparently Healthy Individuals and for Special Populations
Published in James M. Rippe, Lifestyle Medicine, 2019
Both before (warm-up) and after (cool-down) the conditioning phase of an exercise session, at least 5–10 minutes of low-intensity physical activity should be performed. The increased blood flow and body temperature resulting from the warm-up period allows the muscle and connective tissue to become more pliable, reducing the chance of injury during vigorous activities. It also allows a more gradual cardiovascular adaptation to the stress of exercise, which is particularly important for people who are more likely to experience cardiac events. Similarly, a proper cool-down period helps prevent venous pooling in the lower extremities, thereby facilitating venous return to the heart and brain. Muscular endurance activities, such as abdominal exercises, and stretching may also be better performed during the cool-down phase.
Teaching adapted aquatics
Published in Michael Horvat, Ronald V. Croce, Caterina Pesce, Ashley Fallaize, Developmental and Adapted Physical Education, 2019
Michael Horvat, Ronald V. Croce, Caterina Pesce, Ashley Fallaize
Cool-down (5 to 10 minutes): Cooling down is as important as warming up. Age-appropriate water games and activities are fine for cooling down as long as they have the effect of reducing the body temperature (if appropriate) and lowering heart rate to near pre-activity levels.
Effects of the home-based exercise program with an augmented reality system on balance in patients with stroke: a randomized controlled trial
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2023
Jong In Lee, Jihye Park, Jaseong Koo, Minam Son, Ji Hye Hwang, Ji Youl Lee, Won Hyuk Chang
In the control group, a licensed physical therapist or occupational therapist explained a conventional exercise program including stretching, aerobic, and strengthening exercises with a written and pictorial HEP for 10 min at T0. In the conventional exercise program, stretching exercises consisted of static stretching of lower extremity muscles for five minutes before aerobic exercise. Participants performed aerobic exercise such as walking or using a stationary bicycle at moderate intensity for 10 min. After aerobic exercise, standing posture balance exercise or lower extremity strength exercises in the supine position were performed alternately for 10 min daily. Participants performed stretching exercise again during the cool-down session. In addition, a brochure was provided to the participants. Once a week, each participant was encouraged to exercise by the same physical therapist or occupational therapist via telephone.
Combined effects of angiotensin receptor blocker use and physical training in hypertensive men
Published in Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 2022
Tábata de Paula Facioli, Stella Vieira Philbois, Bruno Augusto Aguilar, Ana Catarine Veiga, Hugo Celso Dutra de Souza
All volunteers performed physical aerobic training for 16 weeks on a motorized treadmill at the equivalent intensity of heart rate (HR) corresponding to the sum between HR at rest and 70%–80% of reserve HR, obtained by means of the following equation: (HR recorded at peak cardiorespiratory test – HR at rest). The physical aerobic training comprised three 1-h weekly sessions on a motorized treadmill divided into three phases; 1) 5 min of warm-up, with intensity lower than the target HR training range intensity (50%–65% of reserve HR); 2) 50 min with the HR training target range intensity (70%–80% of reserve HR); and 3) 5 min of cool-down with the HR intensity inferior to the training range intensity (40%–50% of reserve HR). There was a period of adaptation to the protocol at the beginning of the intervention (first 2 weeks), wherein the physical aerobic training sessions were 20–30 minutes long for familiarization and adaptation to the protocol. The intensity used for these adaptation sessions was equivalent to the sum of HR at rest and 50%–60% of the reserve HR, followed by increases in intensity and duration in the subsequent weeks until training HR was reached, as described above. HR was monitored throughout the phases by means of pulse frequency meters (Polar RS810). All section were supervised by a physical therapy and two undergraduate students of physical therapy and physical education professional.
Singing voice: acoustic parameters after vocal warm-up and cool-down
Published in Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology, 2020
Chiara Mezzedimi, Maria Carla Spinosi, Tommaso Massaro, Fabio Ferretti, Jacopo Cambi
Likewise, after prolonged physical activity the "voice athlete" has to bring his/her body back to the resting condition just like a sportsman. This practice is called "cool-down" or "cooling" (vocal cool-down) and allows the muscles to return to basic conditions by bringing the vocal apparatus from the operating condition to a state of rest. Cool-down exercises should facilitate the elimination of the metabolites and prevent their deposit, right after formation, avoiding long persistence in muscle tissues, thus improving flexibility and bringing muscles back to their initial elongation. Currently, very little is known scientifically about vocal cool-down and its practice is essentially based on anecdotal experiences of vocal pedagogues and, more often than not, cooling is simply considered as a natural phenomenon that occurs during vocal rest. Gottliebson [17] studied the vocal function after using different recovery methods through PTP, acoustic measures, PPE and Singing Voice Handicap Index (SVHI). According to her results the benefits of this practice may be perceived 12–24 h later, and not immediately after the session.