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Medical Problems in Alcoholics
Published in Frank Lynn Iber, Alcohol and Drug Abuse as Encountered in Office Practice, 2020
Aseptic necrosis of the hip occurs in alcoholics at a rate similar to that in patients on prednisone. It is manifest by pain and is recognized by vascular scanning of the femoral head or somewhat later at a much more advanced stage by hip X-rays. Replacement of the femoral head is effective in restoring ambulation. Osteoporosis has been described in a group of alcoholics, but the absence of liver disease was not sufficiently characterized.23 Others are less clear on the frequency of this lesion.24 Osteopenia, on the other hand, is common in all sorts of chronic liver disease, and is related to the duration and severity of the liver disease.
The locomotor system
Published in C. Simon Herrington, Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 2020
Avascular necrosis (aseptic necrosis, osteonecrosis) refers to the death of bone as a result of interference with its blood supply and is by definition not associated with infection. The most common cause is a fracture that disrupts the major blood supply to an area of bone. The femoral head and scaphoid are two sites where the distribution of vessels is especially likely to cause clinically important avascular necrosis.
Unexplained Fever in Obstetrics
Published in Benedict Isaac, Serge Kernbaum, Michael Burke, Unexplained Fever, 2019
Carneous or red degeneration of myomas occurs in 8% of tumors discovered in pregnancy. The myoma undergoes aseptic necrosis with hemorrhage within the tumor and subsequent hemolysis. Clinical features include pain, tenderness, and occasionally low-grade fever. Pedunculated subserous myomas are prone to torsion and infection. Torsion of such a myoma during pregnancy, with subsequent gangrene, is an indication for surgical intervention, which usually has no deleterious effect on the pregnancy.
The effect of extracorporeal shock wave on osteonecrosis of femoral head: a systematic review and meta–analysis
Published in The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2022
Jin Mei, Lili Pang, Zhongchao Jiang
Osteonecrosis of femoral head is also known as avascular necrosis of the femoral head (AVNFH) or aseptic necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) [1]. About 20,000 to 30,000 new patients are diagnosed with ONFH per year in the United States [2]. Approximately 2200 additional patients would diagnose with ONFH annually in Japan [3]. The pain of the patient in the deep groin is the most common symptom and may influence the knee or ipsilateral buttock [4]. Degenerative changes of the hip and the collapse of the femoral head occur later in the disease. Young adults in the pre-collapse stage need to keep the femoral head intact considering the limited lifespan of a prosthesis. Therefore, early intervention is important and ESWT may be an important treatment approach. Current treatment of hip preservation include core decompression combined with other therapies or core decompression alone, nonvascularized or vascularized bone-grafting, and rotational osteotomy [5–7]. These methods have different effects and only treat patients with early necrosis of femoral head. Therefore, a noninvasive alternative to surgery is important.
Symptomatic aseptic necrosis of benign thyroid lesions after microwave ablation: risk factors and clinical significance
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2021
Jian-ping Dou, Jie Yu, Zhi-gang Cheng, Fang-yi Liu, Xiao-ling Yu, Qi-di Hou, Fang Liu, Zhi-yu Han, Ping Liang
MWA is another type of thermal ablation and has been used as a safe minimal invasive method in thyroid ablation [14–17]. Its theory of thermal ablation is different from RFA [18] as electromagnetic methods of inducing tumor destruction by rotation of dipole molecules [19]. Rupture also happens after MWA as a severe complication. There are some differences in clinical course of nodule rupture after MWA compared to RFA. However, no related studies have illustrated this severe complication after MWA. We found that the symptomatic aseptic necrosis (SAN) of BTN is the early pathological process of nodule rupture after MWA. Patients might experience nodule rupture as the progression of disease. We call this phenomenon SAN rather than rupture. Thus, we proposed the definition of SAN as: aseptic inflammation of necrosis in thyroid lesions after thermal ablation; laboratory tests and the necrosis culture result show no evidence of inflammation; neck bulging, swelling and discomfort are first symptoms, nodule would rupture and fistula might occur when liquefactive necrosis forms.
Chronic cachaça consumption affects the structure of tibial bone by decreasing bone density and density of mature collagen fibers in middle-aged Wistar rats
Published in The Aging Male, 2020
José Renato Romero, Walter Krause Neto, Alexandre Sabbag da Silva, Everton Luiz dos Santos, Marco Aurélio Added, Eduardo Pianca, Eliane Florencio Gama, Romeu Rodrigues de Souza
Osteopenia and osteoporosis are among the most commonly reported outcomes in the association between morphofunctional changes and excessive alcohol consumption among alcoholics [9]. The side effects of abusive consumption cause biochemical changes that have a significant correlation with loss of bone mineral density (BMD) [10]. Ulhøi et al. [11] showed that chronic alcohol abuse has significant impact on BMD by lowering bone volume. Alcoholism has been associated with growth impairment, osteomalacia, delayed fracture healing, and aseptic necrosis, but the main alterations observed in the bone structure of alcoholic patients are osteoporosis and an increased risk of fractures [9,12]. Alcoholism causes significant hepatic loss of BMD as the result of an imbalance between bone formation and resorption [13]. These pathogeneses is multifactorial and toxic effects on bone and endocrine and nutritional disorders are secondary to alcoholism and a deficiency of osteocalcin, vitamin D and insulin growth factor-1 [13,14].