China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Pancreatectomy for hyperinsulinism
Published in Mark Davenport, James D. Geiger, Nigel J. Hall, Steven S. Rothenberg, Operative Pediatric Surgery, 2020
The gold-standard imaging modality in HI is the 18fluoro-L-3-4 dihydroxyphenylalanine positron emission tomography merged with a low-radiation CT scan (18F-DOPA PET/CT) (Figure 64.3a and b). Islet cells of the pancreas take up L-DOPA, convert it to L-dopamine through the enzyme L-DOPA decarboxylase, and store it in vesicles. Similarly, these cells can take up 18fluoro-L-3-4 dihydroxyphenylalanine (18F-DOPA), convert it into 18fluoro-dopamine and store it in vesicles that can be traced by their gamma radiation. The study is done under general anesthesia in a PET/CT hybrid scanner that initially captures the radioactive signal and then generates a low-radiation CT scan of the abdomen without moving the patient. Focal lesions are seen as bright spots over a dark background due to the high concentration of the tracer, whereas in diffuse HI the tracer is homogeneously distributed throughout the organ. It is important to note that in about 15% of infants with focal HI nothing can be demonstrated on 18F-DOPA PET/CT.
Tumour-specific disease response criteria
Published in Anju Sahdev, Sarah J. Vinnicombe, Husband & Reznek's Imaging in Oncology, 2020
Metabolic activity measurements from fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) are part of the current response assessment standards for haematological malignancies. Attempts at incorporation into the most recent revision of response evaluation criteria in solid tumours (RECIST) are hindered by difficulties in standardization of acquisition and interpretation (4). Consensus recommendations regarding standardization of FDG PET-CT in clinical trials have been outlined in a Cancer Imaging Program of the National Cancer Institute workshop (5). Recommendations include (1) use of the same PET-CT scanner throughout a particular trial for the same patient, (2) consistency in patient preparation such as fasting for a minimum of 4 hours prior to the examination and patient serum glucose concentration less than 200 mg/dL, (3) constant tracer dose ± 20% radioactivity, and (4) consistent time between tracer injection and PET imaging at 60 ± 10 min. Similarly, when 99mTechnetium bone scans are used for bone metastasis assessment, a consistent 180 min ± 10 min between tracer injection and image acquisition is essential.
Imaging in peritoneal malignancy
Published in Tom Cecil, John Bunni, Akash Mehta, A Practical Guide to Peritoneal Malignancy, 2019
Anuradha Chandramohan, Andrew Thrower
PET-CT is fusion modality of CT with PET and is based on the detection of a radio-active tracer, fludeoxyglucose (FDG), in regions containing tissues with high metabolic activity, including malignancy and inflammation. The main drawback of PET-CT is its limited sensitivity for nodules <1 cm and for mucinous deposits in general (thereby limiting its application in PMP). Moreover, inflammatory conditions and post-operative changes (for at least 6 weeks after surgery) are FDG-avid and there is normal physiological uptake of FDG in bowel, spleen, liver, ovaries and testes which often add to the confusion [7]. In addition, PMI Basingstoke has removed several enlarging FDG-avid nodules, which have shown benign fibrosis histologically. PET-CT also incurs high radiation dose to the patients and is an expensive and resource-intensive investigation (which may not be readily available) requiring expert radiological interpretation. Thus, there is no clear role for PET-CT in the initial assessment of peritoneal malignancy. However, PET-CT is useful to re-stage recurrent cancer with a sensitivity of 78%–100% when tumour markers are elevated [8].
Distribution and progression of cerebral amyloid angiopathy in early-onset V30M (p.V50M) hereditary ATTR amyloidosis
Published in Amyloid, 2023
Yusuke Takahashi, Kazuhiro Oguchi, Yusuke Mochizuki, Ken Takasone, Naoki Ezawa, Akira Matsushima, Nagaaki Katoh, Masahide Yazaki, Yoshiki Sekijima
Participants underwent a 20 min static PET acquisition with a Discovery PET/CT 600 scanner (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI) in the 3D scanning mode 50 min after the injection of approximately 590 MBq of 11C-PiB, while a 10 min scan was employed in some subjects. Standardised uptake value ratio (SUVR) images were generated by normalising PiB uptake relative to pontine uptake since abnormal 11C-PiB retention was observed in the cerebellum in ATTRv amyloidosis patients but was scant in the pons [14]. SUVR 11C-PiB-PET images were assessed visually and classified as CNS-PiB-positive or CNS-PiB-negative according to the presence of specific cortical 11C-PiB retention (CNS-PiB-positive) or the detection of only non-specific white matter uptake (CNS-PiB-negative). The examiner performing the visual assessments was unaware of the clinical data of the patients.
Digital PET/CT with 18F-FACBC in early castration-resistant prostate cancer: our preliminary results
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2022
Luca Filippi, Oreste Bagni, Orazio Schillaci
All the patients underwent PET/CT with 18F-FACBC according to present imaging guidelines [15]. All patients fasted for at least 4 hours before PET/CT scan and were asked to avoid any significant physical exercise 24 hours prior to the scan. Whole body PET/CT scan was performed, from the skull base to the proximal thigh, starting at 3–5 minutes after the intravenous (i.v.) injection of 370 MBq of 18F-FACBC. PET/CT scans were performed with a digital Biograph Vision PET/CT system (Siemens Healthcare; Erlangen, Germany). A CT scan from proximal thigh to skull base was performed with slice thickness of 1.0 mm, pitch factor 1, bone, and soft tissue reconstruction kernels and maximum of 120 keV and 90 mAs by applying CARE kV and CARE Dose. After CT scanning, a whole-body PET (proximal thigh to skull base) was acquired at 3–5 min post tracer administration in 3D (matrix: 440 × 440) with a zoom factor of 1.0. Digital PET was acquired on a Siemens Biograph Vision 450 with an axial FOV of 197 mm using continuous-bed motion (FlowMotion®) with a bed speed of 0.9 mm/s (equivalent to approximately 2 min/bed position). Reconstruction was conducted with a TrueX + TOF algorithm and Gauss-filtered to a transaxial resolution of 2 mm at FWHM (full width at half maximum). Attenuation correction was performed using the low-dose non-enhanced computed tomography data.
Brentuximab vedotin and bendamustine: an effective salvage therapy for relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma patients
Published in Journal of Chemotherapy, 2022
Bahar Uncu Ulu, Mehmet Sinan Dal, İpek Yönal Hindilerden, Olga Meltem Akay, Özgür Mehtap, Nurhilal Büyükkurt, Fehmi Hindilerden, Ahmet Kürşad Güneş, Tuğçe Nur Yiğenoğlu, Semih Başcı, Merih Kızıl Çakar, Didar Yanardağ Açık, Serdal Korkmaz, Turgay Ulaş, Gülsüm Özet, Burhan Ferhanoğlu, Meliha Nalçacı, Fevzi Altuntaş
Grade 3/4 haematological and non-haematological toxicities were defined according to the National Cancer Institute’s Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI-CTC) version 4.0. Hematological toxicities were evaluated in the first week of BvB treatment. On the first day of the treatment, 30 min before the onset of Bv, 8 mg dexamethasone and 45.5 mg pheniramine maleate were administered as pre-medications for the patients. No pre-medication was administered before B on the second day of treatment. Antiemetic treatment was administered in case of nausea symptoms. Neutropenic patients received growth factor support during treatment. The response evaluation was assessed using PET/CT. Response evaluation was performed after at least two cycles of combination treatment. This assessment was repeated every two cycles following more than two cycles of treatment. PET-CT scans were evaluated four to six weeks after treatment for response assessment according to the Deauville five-point scale [15].