China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
‘What the medications do is that lovely four-lettered word – hope’
Published in Peri J. Ballantyne, Kath Ryan, Living Pharmaceutical Lives, 2021
A transcendental phenomenological approach was adopted to identify the essence of the lived experience (Moustakas, 1994). Essences are made up of objects (e.g., physical objects, ideas) and their subjective characteristics (e.g., feelings, thoughts, memories and emotions). The essence of a phenomenon describes both the noema, ‘what is experienced’, and the noesis, ‘how it is experienced’. The noema refers to the objective, physical aspects of the experience, for example, what medications are used, or what happens physically when medications are used (or not). The noesis refers to the internal context of experiencing something, for example, feeling scared to take medications or using medications as part of a routine. To uncover the essence of a phenomenon, researchers must pursue experiential data of those who have lived experience of the phenomenon itself that can tell us what happens and how it happens (Moustakas, 1994).
Phenomenology – questioning consciousness and experience
Published in Kay Aranda, Critical Qualitative Health Research, 2020
Ask yourself again: “Am I conscious now?” If the answer is Yes … what are you conscious of? Phenomenologists will assert that we are always conscious of something, be it a thought, sensation or emotion. Whatever becomes the focus of our attention is an object of consciousness, an act of reference. This direction of attention toward a phenomenon appearing in consciousness was termed ‘intentionality’ by Franz Brentano (1838–1917). Thus, we are always conscious or aware of or about something, and Husserl’s phenomenology was based on this intentionality of consciousness. Not only is consciousness always directed towards an object, but every conscious experience exists as a noema. Husserl used this term to represent the object or content of a thought, judgement, or perception, but scholars are still unsure of its precise meaning in his work. Noesis is the apprehension or intellectual reasoning which perceives the object of consciousness (the noema).
Respecting the Dual Sided Identity of Clinical Pastoral Education and Professional Chaplaincy: The Phenomenological Research Model
Published in Larry VandeCreek, Professional Chaplaincy and Clinical Pastoral Education Should Become More Scientific: Yes and No, 2013
The existential phenomenology model implies that human beings, closely linked to the world in which they live, experience themselves as beings-in-the-world, as having a consciousness of their own and as being free to make choices and decisions on their own account. Unlike animals and things human subjects are characterized by what Croteau (1994) calls a “consciousness-incarnate-in-the-world” and “consciousness-incarnate-intentional.” The world experienced by such a consciousness-incarnate refers to three modalities: their connection to (a) the world around (physical and material things–Umwelt); (b) the world with others (people with whom one relates–Mitwelt); (c) the world within (thoughts, feel ings, desires revealing how one experiences self–Eigenwelt). T hese categories help the researcher clarify the variety of elements gathered from the interview with a subject. Croteau’s understanding of phenomenological psychology also includes two more categories to account for the subjects’ aspiration for meaning and purpose; they are (d) the will to meaning and (e) the sense of responsibility. All five categories are used to classify information gathered from interviews with subjects in such a way that researchers can identify the essence of the phenomenon–or meaning structure. This essence is then expressed in terms of meaning and purpose originating from the encounter between an aim (something for which the subject aims–noesis) and the object itself (the good, the reality, thing aimed–noema). The meaning and purpose resulting from the meeting of that which the conscience aims and the thing itself which is aim is called the “intentionnality.” Intentionnalities derived from essential meaning and purpose are considered as the expression of the meaning structure faithful to the person’s will of meaning in a given phenomenon.
Local immunomodulation combined to radiofrequency ablation results in a complete cure of local and distant colorectal carcinoma
Published in OncoImmunology, 2019
Katia Lemdani, Nathalie Mignet, Vincent Boudy, Johanne Seguin, Edward Oujagir, Olivia Bawa, Frédérique Peschaud, Jean-François Emile, Claude Capron, Robert Malafosse
In the digestive surgery department of Ambroise Paré hospital, between 2002 and 2012, 250 patients had a liver metastases resection for colorectal carcinomas. We retrospectively studied cancer tissue specimen from matched 53 patients. Among them 13 patients who received initial hepatic RFA followed by local tumor resection were included in the ’RFA (+)’ group whereas other paired 40 patients who received initial local tumor resection were identified as ’RFA (-)’ group. One patient from ‘RFA (+)’ group was coupled with 3 or 4 patients from ’RFA (-)’ group according to the criteria described in Table. S1. Paraffin-embedded samples were obtained from the Pathology Department and the tissue bank of Ambroise Paré Hospital, which has been registered with the French Ministry of Research (# DC 2009–933). Immunohistochemistry was performed with a Bond autostainer (Leica, Biosystems Newcastle Ltd) as described by Allard MA et al.28 The primary antibodies were mouse monoclonal anti-CD3 (1/50 dilution, rabbit polyclonal, Dakocytomation.), (anti-CD4 (1/30 dilution, clone 4 B12, Novocastra); anti-CD8 (1/25 dilution, clone C8/144B, Dakocytomation) and anti-FoxP3 (1:100 dilution; 623801, Biolegend, France) antibodies. Virtual tumor slides were obtained by scanning with Mirax Desk (Zeiss, Germany). Images were analyzed with Visilog 9.0 software (Noesis, Saclay, France); the area of quantification included both tumor tissue and the surrounding non tumor tissue.
How far have we come with contextual data integration in drug discovery?
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2018
Theodora Katsila, Minos-Timotheos Matsoukas
Data integration has been considered as the panacea and road-map towards data interpretation, opinion-mining, and decision-making in data-intensive and cognitively complex settings. It is true that several success stories have empowered the human mind, noesis, and perception (‘scientia potentia est’), while at times data reliability and reproducibility issues keep arising, almost paralyzing data interpretation, opinion-mining and decision-making. For this, contextual data integration has been suggested as the means to provide a framework in which interpretation and rationalization occur, leading to promising outcomes via the amelioration of data reliability and reproducibility issues.