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Future Developments in Human Thermography
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
The integration of thermographic data into clinical information systems is of utmost importance if thermography is to be accepted into clinical medicine; the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) image file standard must expand to include thermographic radiometric files, formatted images, and metadata.5 DICOM is the international standard for the dissemination of medical images and is commonly used for MRIs, CT scans, and other imaging modalities. The DICOM standard encompasses the transmission, storage, retrieval, printing, processing, and display of medical imaging information.6
Image File Structures in Nuclear Medicine
Published in Michael Ljungberg, Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging for Physicists, 2022
DICOM is an acronym derived from ‘Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine’ and was developed as a joint venture between the National Electronics Manufacturers Association (NEMA) and the American College of Radiology (ACR). The DICOM Standard defines both a format on which data associated to an object (often an image together with its administrative data) should be stored and transmitted between nodes in the imaging network as well as a protocol and description on what services can operate on the objects.
Data Communication with DICOM
Published in W. P. M. Mayles, A. E. Nahum, J.-C. Rosenwald, Handbook of Radiotherapy Physics, 2021
John Sage, John N.H. Brunt, W. P. M. Mayles
Image data from a number of different sources are used in radiotherapy treatment planning. Data sources include CT, magnetic resonance (MR), positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), ultrasound and planar x-ray images. The most mature part of the DICOM standard is that relating to CT data. As indicated earlier (Section 49.2.1), the DICOM image format consists of a header section, much of which is in ASCII format, which defines such things as the patient name, image identification, and details about the type and format of the image. Each slice of a CT data set is stored as a separate file, usually with the file extension dcm or img. In addition to transverse slice data, DICOM defines a secondary capture data type referred to as DICOM SC. This allows almost any two-dimensional (2D) image type to be stored as a DICOM file. Some images will only be available as bitmap image format files, such as TIFF or BMP, and a means of translating such images into the DICOM SC format and attaching an appropriate header is useful. Viewers for DICOM image files are widely available, many of them at no cost (Escott and Rubinstein 2003; Haak et al. 2016).
Baseline erythrocyte sedimentation rate level predicts long-term inhibition of radiographic progression by tocilizumab: the KURAMA cohort
Published in Immunological Medicine, 2023
Ryu Watanabe, Kosaku Murakami, Toshimitsu Fujisaki, Hiromu Ito, Koichi Murata, Wataru Yamamoto, Takayuki Fujii, Hideo Onizawa, Akira Onishi, Masao Tanaka, Akio Morinobu, Motomu Hashimoto
Radiographs of each patient’s hands and feet were taken at the time of TCZ introduction and at least two years after TCZ administration; if multiple radiographs were taken after two years, the final radiograph was used for evaluation. Radiographic progression was evaluated by two rheumatologists (RW and KM) who were trained and certified by Prof. van der Heijde (Leiden University) for the mTSS scoring system [16–18]. A dedicated DICOM viewer was provided by the CAC Corporation. The progression of the mTSS per year (ΔmTSS/year) was calculated from the mean progression by the two readers and the duration of TCZ administration. If ΔmTSS/year differed by 10 or more, the two rheumatologists discussed and reached a consensus. Structural remission was defined as ΔmTSS/year ≤0.5 [19], and clinically relevant radiographic progression (CRRP) was defined as ΔmTSS/year >3 [20].
Findings in ancient Egyptian mummies from tomb KV64, Valley of the Kings, Luxor, with evidence of a rheumatic disease
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, 2023
LM Öhrström, R Seiler, S Bickel, F Rühli
Both mummies (KV64_001 and KV64_002) were radiologically investigated using portable digital planar X-ray equipment, including an X-ray generator (Examion PX 60 HF, voltage range: 40–100 kV; exposure range: 0.4–100 mAs; weight: 14.6 kg; Examion, Fellbach, Germany), a flat panel detector [Examion DR 1417–600 WL; scintillator, gadolinium oxysulphide; active area: 358 × 430 mm (14 inches × 17 inches); pixel matrix: 3072 × 2560 pixels; pixel pitch: 140 μm; grey scale: 14 bit; weight: 3.1 kg; Examion, Fellbach, Germany], and dedicated postprocessing software (Examion AQS; Examion, Fellbach, Germany) run on a laptop computer (HP Elitebook 840 G3, LT4120 Snapdragon X5 LTE; HP, Palo Alto, CA, USA) with Microsoft Windows 7 Enterprise Edition (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA) as the operating system. For image analyses, DICOM reading software (OsiriX MD v.8.0.1; Pixmeo, Switzerland) and Horos (v3.3.6; www.horosproject.org) were used.
Development of a navigable 3D virtual model of temporal bone anatomy
Published in Journal of Visual Communication in Medicine, 2023
A CT scan of a cadaveric temporal bone was performed in this study to get high-resolution 2D image slices, which were saved in DICOM file format. DICOM is a global information technology standard for medical imaging that covers data handling, storage, printing, and transmission. It also contains a file format definition and a network communications protocol, allowing data to be exchanged independent of the hardware used (Haripriya & Porkodi 2017). The DICOM data files (.dcm) were converted to .nrrd (nearly raw raster data) file format, thus allowing it to be shared anonymously throughout the medical community for educational and research purposes. The .nrrd file was loaded into 3D Slicer® (Version 4.10.0), which is a free, open-source software for medical image informatics, image processing, and three-dimensional visualisation (Fedorov et al. 2012).