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Brachytherapy Treatment and Quality Assurance
Published in Kwan Hoong Ng, Ngie Min Ung, Robin Hill, Problems and Solutions in Medical Physics, 2023
Kwan Hoong Ng, Ngie Min Ung, Robin Hill
A Geiger counter detects 40 counts per second from a sample of Iodine-131. The half-life of I-131 is 8 days. Using the axes given in Figure 8.1, sketch a curve showing the count rate from the sample of I-131 over a period of 20 days. Show your calculations.
Nuclear Medicine Imaging and Therapy
Published in Debbie Peet, Emma Chung, Practical Medical Physics, 2021
David Towey, Lisa Rowley, Debbie Peet
Clinical Scientists frequently administer therapy agents such as Iodine-131 (131I). Clinical Scientists often oversee the introduction of new processes and services. Once a process has been embedded into routine service, these duties are then carried out by Healthcare Science practitioners or nurses. In the event of an incident, a Clinical Scientist will be involved to investigate the incident and advise on decontamination.
Antibody-Based Therapies
Published in David E. Thurston, Ilona Pysz, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs, 2021
Developed by GSK and approved in 2003, 131I-tositumomab (BexxarTM) is a murine IgG2a anti-CD20 antibody linked to an Iodine-131 atom covalently attached to an aromatic ring (Figure 7.39). Iodine-131 emits both beta and gamma radiation and has a relatively short half-life of 8 days. Structure of the CD20-targeted radioimmunoconjugate 131I-tositumomab (BexxarTM) (Figure from Hess C., Venetz D., and Neri D., Emerging classes of armed antibody therapeutics against cancer. Med. Chem. Commun., 2014, 5, 408. DOI: 10.1039/c3md00360d. Copyright © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014).
New frontier radioiodinated probe based on in silico resveratrol repositioning for microtubules dynamic targeting
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2023
Ashgan F. Mahmoud, Mohamed H. Aboumanei, Walaa Hamada Abd-Allah, Mohamed M. Swidan, Tamer M. Sakr
The most prominent criteria in radio-theranostics design are the prober selection of a drug with high affinity to the target organ and indeed the convenient radionuclides to be laden on it (Essa et al. 2015; Ibrahim et al. 2015; Al-Wabli et al. 2016; Swidan et al. 2019). Firstly, the molecular modeling study of the radioiodinated resveratrol had showed a good affinity toward β-tubulin binding site in the microtubules domain system with an appropriate binding energy (−34.46 kca/mol). This criterion was further enlightened through the in vivo distribution study in tumor models which showed high accumulation and retention in the tumor lesion. On the other hand, the radioactive iodine [131I] was selected for the radiolabeling process due to its convenient physical and decay characteristics. The radioactive iodine [131I], half-life ≈ 8 days, is considered as one of the most suitable radionuclides for radio-theranostics procedures due to its dual decay mode (10% gamma decay which utilized in the diagnosis while 90% beta decay which utilized in therapeutic application) (Sheikh et al. 2017; Sakr et al. 2018). So, the 131I-radioiodinated resveratrol preparation as a theranostic probe had successfully achieved the criteria mentioned above. From the molecular biology point of view, tracking of the microtubules dynamics is significantly help the physicians with soulful amelioration in the early detection of any abnormal modifications arisen during the cellular division such as tumor cell progression.
Modeling principles of protective thyroid blocking
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2022
Alexis Rump, Stefan Eder, Cornelius Hermann, Andreas Lamkowski, Manabu Kinoshita, Tetsuo Yamamoto, Junya Take, Michael Abend, Nariyoshi Shinomiya, Matthias Port
Nuclear fission processes release a large number of different fission products, including radioactive iodine nuclides. Uranium-235 usually splits asymmetrically and radioioiodine(s) fall(s) in one of the favored mass number regions of the fission products (peaks between 90–100 and 130–140). The main radioactive iodine isotopes formed by fission are iodine-131 (physical half-life, T1/2 = 8.02 d), iodine-129 (T1/2 = 1.57 107 y) and iodine-132 (T1/2 = 2.3 h; from Te-132) (ICRP 2017). Among the different iodine isotopes, iodine-131 is of particular importance (Blum and Eisenbud 1967). Iodine is characterized by its high volatility compared to most other fission products. In the case of nuclear incidents, e.g. nuclear power plant accidents or the detonation of a nuclear weapon, it must be expected that radioiodine will be released and also carried over greater distances (Verger et al. 2001; Chabot 2016). Radioiodine is quickly absorbed into the organism both by inhalation and via ingestion (Geoffroy et al. 2000; Verger et al. 2001). From a practical point of view, intake through contaminated drinking water and food probably plays the decisive role (Blum and Eisenbud 1967).
Axial muscle weakness and the rimmed vacuoles in muscle histology in inflammatory myopathy with anti-ku antibody: a case report
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, 2022
A 41-year-old male Chinese patient had an incidental finding of elevated serum creatine kinase (4000 U/L, normal range 2–200 U/L) during a routine physical examination 3 years ago, which fluctuated between 300 and 400 U/L in a series of re-examinations. The patient presented with proximal extremities weakness 2 years ago. A physical examination showed a waddling gait. Volume reduction of the right gluteus was found. The proximal muscle strength of the extremities was 4/4 and bilateral distal muscle strength was 5/5, according to the Medical Research Council scale of muscle strength. Serum anti-Ku antibodies were positive on a myositis-specific antibody examination. Chest computed tomography suggested right diaphragm elevation. A electromyogram showed proximal muscle myogenic damage. Muscular magnetic resonance imaging showed intramuscular fat infiltration in the erector spinae muscles and thigh muscles, predominantly extensor muscles. In addition, right vastus medialis oedema was found (Figure 1). A muscle biopsy from the right quadriceps femoris showed scattered muscle fibre atrophies combined with rimmed vacuoles (RVs) (Figure 2). The patient had a previous history of total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine-131 therapy for thyroid cancer. Until now, his thyroid function has been normal with thyroxine replacement.