China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Trace Mineral Deficiencies – Diagnosis and Treatment
Published in Jennifer Doley, Mary J. Marian, Adult Malnutrition, 2023
Kavitha Krishnan, Julianne Werner
Goiter or thyroid enlargement can occur at any age. When deficient, if iodine is repleted too quickly it can cause iodine-induced hyperthyroidism, known as the Jon-Basedow phenomenon. Signs and symptoms of this syndrome include tachycardia, diarrhea, restlessness, heat intolerance, increased sweating, and insomnia.57 Other signs and symptoms of iodine deficiency in adults include tachycardia, weight loss, muscle weakness, and skin warmth.2,58
Endocrine Disorders, Contraception, and Hormone Therapy during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
The fetal thyroid begins to concentrate iodine at approximately 10–12 weeks of gestation. Fetal pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) controls synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormone, and begins at an estimated 18–20 weeks of gestation. Iodine 131I (the iodine isotope) is contraindicated for use during pregnancy. Retrospective analysis of 182 first trimester pregnancies inadvertently exposed to radioiodine therapy for hyperthyroidism showed that six infants (3.3 percent) had hypothyroidism. Four of the six had intellectual deficits (Stoffer and Hamburger, 1976).
Micronutrients
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Briefly, iodine is necessary for the production of thyroid hormones that play a major role in the growth and development of the brain and central nervous system and in several metabolic processes in the body. Some main sources of iodine are sea foods (mollusks, oysters, sea fishes, seaweeds), milk, dairy products, and eggs. Iodinated table salt and iodinated drinking water are used by people living in areas with iodine deficiency.
Modeling principles of protective thyroid blocking
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2022
Alexis Rump, Stefan Eder, Cornelius Hermann, Andreas Lamkowski, Manabu Kinoshita, Tetsuo Yamamoto, Junya Take, Michael Abend, Nariyoshi Shinomiya, Matthias Port
Nuclear fission processes release a large number of different fission products, including radioactive iodine nuclides. Uranium-235 usually splits asymmetrically and radioioiodine(s) fall(s) in one of the favored mass number regions of the fission products (peaks between 90–100 and 130–140). The main radioactive iodine isotopes formed by fission are iodine-131 (physical half-life, T1/2 = 8.02 d), iodine-129 (T1/2 = 1.57 107 y) and iodine-132 (T1/2 = 2.3 h; from Te-132) (ICRP 2017). Among the different iodine isotopes, iodine-131 is of particular importance (Blum and Eisenbud 1967). Iodine is characterized by its high volatility compared to most other fission products. In the case of nuclear incidents, e.g. nuclear power plant accidents or the detonation of a nuclear weapon, it must be expected that radioiodine will be released and also carried over greater distances (Verger et al. 2001; Chabot 2016). Radioiodine is quickly absorbed into the organism both by inhalation and via ingestion (Geoffroy et al. 2000; Verger et al. 2001). From a practical point of view, intake through contaminated drinking water and food probably plays the decisive role (Blum and Eisenbud 1967).
Food and beverages undermining elderly health: three food-based dietary guidelines to avoid or delay chronic diseases of lifestyle among the elderly in South Africa
Published in South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2021
Yasaman Jamshidi-Naeini, Gugulethu Moyo, Carin Napier, Wilna Oldewage-Theron
Some practical steps to reduce salt intake include minimising intake of the foods identified within the SA diet as the main sources of salt, such as bread, pies, sausages and cold meats, breakfast cereals, salted snacks, soups and margarine.140 The elderly should be recommended to use alternative seasonings, herbs and spices for flavouring food and to avoid the addition of salt at the table.140 They should also be made aware that while the food might seem bland initially, eventually their taste buds will adjust. It is further recommended to remove salt from the table and systematically lessen the amount of salt added during cooking.140 No known studies have been conducted to assess the effect of reduced salt intake on the iodine status of the elderly. However, research has shown that asymptomatic disturbances in thyroid function occur more often in the elderly.141 Alternative iodine sources should be promoted142, such as cheese, cow’s milk, eggs, saltwater fish, soy milk, milk or yoghurt as appropriate.143
Radioactive polymeric nanoparticles for biomedical application
Published in Drug Delivery, 2020
Shentian Wu, Edward Helal-Neto, Ana Paula dos Santos Matos, Amir Jafari, Ján Kozempel, Yuri José de Albuquerque Silva, Carolina Serrano-Larrea, Severino Alves Junior, Eduardo Ricci-Junior, Frank Alexis, Ralph Santos-Oliveira
The first radiopharmaceutical was iodine 131 (131I) which was used for thyroid gland imaging. This commonly used radioisotope uses its γ emission for imaging and its β emission for therapeutic purposes. However, the release of 131I and 131I-tyrosine in the blood represents a potential health risk (Schuster et al., 2016). In this context, Fard-Esfahani et al. reviewed the adverse effects of iodine-131 which comprised “early complications” including dry eye, radiation thyroiditis, gastrointestinal symptoms, nasolacrimal duct obstruction, sialadenitis/xerostomia, bone marrow suppression, and gonadal damage. Moreover, the “late complications” comprised pulmonary fibrosis, secondary cancers, and permanent bone marrow suppression (Fard-Esfahani et al., 2014).