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Breast Imaging with Radiolabeled Antibodies
Published in Raymond Taillefer, Iraj Khalkhali, Alan D. Waxman, Hans J. Biersack, Radionuclide Imaging of the Breast, 2021
Lamk M. Lamki, Bruce J. Barron
The next consideration in the choice of an antibody is the avidity and the affinity of the antibody. The attraction and the strength between the antibody and the antigen and the bond with the radiolabel may determine the success of immunoscintigraphy. The significance of avidity and affinity in imaging results has not been fully realized clinically. However, in theory and in in vitro experiments, these two factors do matter in the outcome of immunoscintigraphy. Another important consideration is the labeling efficiency and bonding between the isotope and the antibody both in vitro after labeling procedure and in vivo after intravenous injection. The impact of dehalogenation of iodinated antibodies after injection has already been discussed. This occurs in vivo independent of labeling efficiency, and contributes to high background activity and poor images. Detailed discussion of these and other factors related to labeling and antibody properties that can affect biodistribution are beyond the scope of this chapter. Likewise, strep-avidin and biotin have been used by several workers to improve labeling and targeting, but discussion of that has to be deferred to specialized texts.
Immunoscintigraphy and Radioimmunotherapy
Published in Siegfried Matzku, Rolf A. Stahel, Antibodies in Diagnosis and Therapy, 2019
Immunoscintigraphy (IS) is of little value in the diagnosis of primary cancers, but may be used for staging in well defined situations because of the possibility of whole body imaging. The major indications are the detection of recurrences and/or metastases in patients with new symptoms and/or rising tumor markers and the pre-operative evaluation of patients scheduled for surgical treatment of isolated local recurrence or liver metastases.
Clinical Application of the Avidin-Biotin System for Tumor Targeting
Published in David M. Goldenberg, Cancer Therapy with Radiolabeled Antibodies, 1995
Giovanni Paganelli, Patrizia Magnani, Antonio G. Siccardi, Ferruccio Fazio
When reviewing the literature of the past decade we can reach two conclusions: an optimistic and a pessimistic one. The optimistic one emphasizes the specific tumor targeting by antibodies; the second and more pessimistic one emphasizes the high background level caused by non-targeting. In reality, in several instances, immunoscintigraphy has produced good diagnostic results, showing lesions unidentified with other modalities (CT, MRI, US). Also, radiolabeled MoAbs were providing some useful clinical responses as shown in Phase I-II therapeutical trials.27–28
Fibronectin and colorectal cancer: signaling pathways and clinical implications
Published in Journal of Receptors and Signal Transduction, 2021
Jianan Wang, Ruibing Li, Mianyang Li, Chengbin Wang
Similar to the above-described treatment approaches, researchers have further explored the ability to target FN EDB of tumor neo-vasculature in image tumors. Patients with colorectal cancer are often diagnosed in late-stage with liver metastases. Labeled with 123I, L19(scFv)2, an L19 antibody fragment targeting for the EDB domain of fibronectin, can be intravenously administered for immunoscintigraphic detection of tumors in colorectal cancer patients with no overt side effect observed, and was proved to be efficient in localization of both aggressive primary tumors and metastases in livers [95]. 123I-labeled L19(scFv)2 could be well-combined with different detection methods of immunoscintigraphy and applied to radiodiagnostic procedures of tumors. The study also suggests that L19(scFv)2 would be able to detect the more aggressive micrometastases, regardless of their size.
Theranostic approaches in nuclear medicine: current status and future prospects
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2020
Luca Filippi, Agostino Chiaravalloti, Orazio Schillaci, Roberto Cianni, Oreste Bagni
The first attempts for the targeted imaging of PC were represented by the introduction of the radiolabeled monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 111In-capromab pendetide, also known as ProstaScint® (Cytogen Corporation, Princeton, NJ), capable of efficiently binding to an intracellular epitope (N-terminus) of the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) molecule [53]. 111In-capromab resulted useful in several clinical settings, particularly in those subjects with suspicion of disease relapse after prostatectomy or radiotherapy. In a large cohort of 183 men who had undergone surgery and with increasing values of PSA, immunoscintigraphy was able to disclose recurrence in the 60% of cases [54]. It has to be highlighted that conventional scintigraphic imaging (planars and SPECT) presents limited spatial resolution, but this drawback can be partially overcome by using hybrid SPECT/CT system [55]. In this regard, Kimura et al. demonstrated the usefulness of SPECT/CT for the detection of seminal vesicle invasion in recurrent prostate cancer after primary in situ therapy: in 59 subjects who biochemically failed primary in situ treatment, SPECT/CT with 111In-capromab, as compared to the results of biopsy, presented a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 37.5%, 88.2%, 33.3%, and 90.0%, respectively [56].