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Changing the Paradigm from Neurochemical to Neuroelectrical Models
Published in Hanno W. Kirk, Restoring the Brain, 2020
More fascinating are the gamma waves (40Hz and up), though what we know of their function is based on relatively scant research evidence.36 The 40Hz frequency is said to be associated with the binding of elements of cognitive processing via a wave that sweeps the brain from front to back, 40 times per second, drawing different neuronal circuits – including the associational areas in the hindbrain, the memory areas of the hippocampus and the cerebellum – into synch, thereby bringing them into the attentional and decision-making frontal area of the brain.37 The hypothesis is that when these neuronal clusters oscillate together during these transient periods of synchronized firing, they help bring up memories and associations to create new syntheses of ideas and notions, and possibly a changed self-awareness.38 As we learn in Chapter 9, in autism spectrum children, where this associational function of the gamma waveband seems not to be functioning well, we see an inability to generalize from one social situation to the next. Thus, gamma waves play an essential role in the acquisition of knowledge from experience and applying it to new situations. Indeed, we can infer that this integrative function of gamma waves is critical to the functioning of the brain as a self-regulating system.39
Bioelectric and Biomagnetic Signal Analysis
Published in Arvind Kumar Bansal, Javed Iqbal Khan, S. Kaisar Alam, Introduction to Computational Health Informatics, 2019
Arvind Kumar Bansal, Javed Iqbal Khan, S. Kaisar Alam
Gamma-waves are in the range of 30–100 Hz and are associated with cognitive functions. The waveform is recorded in the somatosensory cortex of a brain. It increases during intense mental activities such as perception or enhanced mental tasks. They are associated with sensory processing, object-recognition, sound-recognition and tactile sensation.
A Review of Classic Physiological Systems
Published in Len Wisneski, The Scientific Basis of Integrative Health, 2017
When brain patterns are recorded on an EEG, the brain waves characteristically resonate between 14 and about 40 cycles per second. One cycle per second is called a hertz (Hz). Figure 1.6 depicts the appearance of various EEG brain waves and correlates them with their common states of awareness. States of awareness in which you are fully alert and in which there is intense activity of the nervous system are called beta. In the beta state, your brain waves have a frequency of 13–24 Hz. The alpha state, from 8 to 12 Hz, includes normal waking hours and when you are in a relaxed state of mind. You are able to be alert, but you are also very restful. You are not ruminating over memories of things you have to do, things you may not want to do, or arguments you may have had. Neither are you feeling very hungry because that brings you back into beta. It is a feeling of restful peace. Theta, which is 4–7 Hz, is a state between wake and sleep that is called hypnagogia. Theta also is involved in some nonrelaxation actions, such as learning, memory, and acquisition of information. Until recently, it was thought that meditation occurs exclusively during alpha and more rarely during theta states. However, as discussed in Chapter 13, at least for meditations that focus on compassion for others and possibly during other types of meditation, it is now known the mind emits gamma waves (25–42 Hz). A person demonstrating predominant delta (<4 Hz) wave activity is in deep sleep, a coma, or has significant brain pathology. Certain factors, including illness, drugs, and meditation can alter one's wavelength state.
Gamma-Band Frequency Analysis and Motor Development in Music-Trained Children: A Cross-Sectional Study
Published in Journal of Motor Behavior, 2022
Kemily Souza da Silva, Gustavo José Luvizutto, Ana Caroline Magrini Bruno, Sabrina Ferreira de Oliveira, Samila Carolina Costa, Gustavo Moreira da Silva, Mário Jaime Costa Andrade, Janser Moura Pereira, Adriano Oliveira Andrade, Luciane Ap. Pasccuci Sande de Souza
The musically trained children had increased gamma peak frequency in the F3–F4 region compared to the nonmusically trained children. This area represents the prefrontal, premotor, and supplemental motor cortices. The same results were found by Bonini-Rocha et al. (2008) who had demonstrated an increase in gamma-wave peak frequency in musicians when reading sheet music, listening to music, and playing the guitar compared to rest. This increase in peak frequencies is linked to the necessary cortical activation for attention, acquisition, consolidation, and evocation of short-term cognitive and motor memories (Bonini-Rocha et al., 2008). Thus, a higher frequency of gamma wave activation seems to represent general information processing in the central nervous system in motor planning activities, even before the reaction or movement time occurs (Babiloni et al., 2003; Basar-Eroglu et al., 1996; Kim et al., 2005).
Solving a Problem by Insight: A Neuropsychological Approach
Published in The Neurodiagnostic Journal, 2018
In an issue of Current Directions in Psychological Science, J. Kounios and M. Beeman (2009) suggested that the “Aha!” moment of realizing a solution can be externally recognized by the spikes in alpha and gamma activities, which occur just before the moment of conscious realization (R), as illustrated by Figure 4. In a separate study, Jung-Beeman et al. (2004), the EEG data also revealed a burst of gamma waves in the right hemisphere 0.3 seconds before the “Aha!” moment. Further studies have found additional evidence suggesting that the right hemisphere of the brain plays a unique role in the problem-solving aspect of insight (Bowden and Jung-Beeman 2003).
Mindfulness, happiness, and anxiety in a sample of college students before and after taking a meditation course
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2022
Claire Crowley, Laura Ring Kapitula, Dana Munk
Neuroscientific research found a correlation between meditation and happiness as well as a link to its ability to reduce reactivity to emotional stimuli therefore enhancing psychological well-being.17 With the use of PET scans, 8 monks with between 10,000 and 50,000 h of meditative practice, and a control group of non-meditating university students were studied. Not only did the monks produce 30 times more gamma waves than the control group, but much larger areas of their brains were activated during meditation, especially in the left prefrontal cortex, the part of the brain responsible for positive emotions.18